Taking Stock of Unrealistic Optimism.

Taking Stock of Unrealistic Optimism.
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DOI:
10.1177/1745691613485247
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发表时间:
2013-07
期刊:
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Weinstein ND
Weinstein ND
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shepperd JA;Klein WM;Waters EA;Weinstein ND

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研究人员使用不切实际的乐观主义和乐观偏见等术语来指代相似但不同义的概念。从三十年的研究中,我们批判性地讨论了研究人员如何定义不切实际的乐观,我们确定了四种类型,反映了不同的测量方法:不切实际的绝对乐观,在个人和群体水平和不切实际的比较乐观,在个人和群体水平。此外,我们还讨论了针对不切实际的乐观主义研究的方法论批评,并注意到这些批评主要只与一种不切实际的比较乐观主义有关。我们进一步澄清,即使是对于不切实际的比较乐观主义来说,这些批评也不像它们看起来那样有问题。最后,我们注意到不同类型的不切实际的乐观主义的边界条件,并思考值得进一步关注的五个广泛问题。
Researchers have used terms such as unrealistic optimism and optimistic bias to refer to concepts that are similar but not synonymous. Drawing from three decades of research, we critically discuss how researchers define unrealistic optimism and we identify four types that reflect different measurement approaches: unrealistic absolute optimism at the individual and group level and unrealistic comparative optimism at the individual and group level. In addition, we discuss methodological criticisms leveled against research on unrealistic optimism and note that the criticisms are primarily relevant to only one type—the group form of unrealistic comparative optimism. We further clarify how the criticisms are not nearly as problematic even for unrealistic comparative optimism as they might seem. Finally, we note boundary conditions on the different types of unrealistic optimism and reflect on five broad questions that deserve further attention.
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