Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
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DOI：
10.1038/bjc.2012.520
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发表时间：
2013-02-19
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Key, T. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rohrmann, S.;Linseisen, J.;Allen, N.;Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.;Johnsen, N. F.;Tjonneland, A.;Overvad, K.;Kaaks, R.;Teucher, B.;Boeing, H.;Pischon, T.;Lagiou, P.;Trichopoulou, A.;Trichopoulos, D.;Palli, D.;Krogh, Vittorio;Tunnino, R.;Ricceri, F.;Argueelles Suarez, M. V.;Agudo, A.;Sanchez, M-J;Chirlaque, M-D;Barricarte, A.;Larranaga, N.;Boshuizen, H.;van Kranen, H. J.;Stettin, P.;Johansson, M.;Bjartell, A.;Ulmert, D.;Khaw, K-T;Wareham, N. J.;Ferrari, Pietro;Romieux, I.;Gunter, M. J. R.;Riboli, Elio;Key, T. J.
在大多数研究中，吸烟与前列腺癌的发病率无关，但吸烟与致命的前列腺癌之间的关联已被报道。在1992年和2000年期间，生活方式的信息进行了评估，通过问卷调查和个人访谈在一个队列的145 112名欧洲男子。截至2009年，共发现4623例前列腺癌病例，其中包括1517例低度前列腺癌、396例高度前列腺癌、1516例局限性前列腺癌、808例晚期前列腺癌和432例致死性前列腺癌。多变量考克斯比例风险回归模型被用来研究吸烟状况、吸烟强度和吸烟持续时间与前列腺癌发病和致死风险的关系。与从不吸烟者相比，目前吸烟者患前列腺癌的风险降低（RR=0.90，95% CI：0.83-0.97），这在局部和低度疾病中具有统计学显著性，但在晚期或高度疾病中不具有统计学显著性。相比之下，重度吸烟者（每天吸烟25支以上）和长期吸烟（40年以上）的男性前列腺癌死亡风险较高（RR=1.81，95% CI：1.11-2.93; RR=1.38，95% CI：1.01-1.87）。重度吸烟者前列腺癌死亡率增加的观察证实了之前前瞻性研究的结果。
Smoking is not associated with prostate cancer incidence in most studies, but associations between smoking and fatal prostate cancer have been reported. During 1992 and 2000, lifestyle information was assessed via questionnaires and personal interview in a cohort of 145 112 European men. Until 2009, 4623 incident cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 1517 cases of low-grade, 396 cases of high grade, 1516 cases of localised, 808 cases of advanced disease, and 432 fatal cases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status, smoking intensity, and smoking duration with the risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.97), which was statistically significant for localised and low-grade disease, but not for advanced or high-grade disease. In contrast, heavy smokers (25+ cigarettes per day) and men who had smoked for a long time (40+ years) had a higher risk of prostate cancer death (RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.11–2.93; RR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.87, respectively). The observation of an increased prostate cancer mortality among heavy smokers confirms the results of previous prospective studies.
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