Paralogous radiations of PIN proteins with multiple origins of noncanonical PIN structure.
Paralogous radiations of PIN proteins with multiple origins of noncanonical PIN structure.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msu147
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Harrison CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett T;Brockington SF;Rothfels C;Graham SW;Stevenson D;Kutchan T;Rolf M;Thomas P;Wong GK;Leyser O;Glover BJ;Harrison CJ
植物激素生长素是一种保守的发育调节剂，与形态新颖性的产生有关。PIN-FORMED1(PIN)生长素外排载体通过调节生长素的分布，是生长素功能的核心。PIN家族成员具有不同的结构和细胞定位，但这种变异的起源和进化意义尚不清楚。为了描述PIN家族的进化，我们进行了系统发育和结构分析，与以前的研究相比，分类单元的样本大幅增加。我们的系统发育表明，随着苔藓植物和石蕊植物谱系的分化，两次深度重复事件导致了真叶植物中PIN蛋白的三个不同谱系。随后这些谱系内的独立辐射在分类上是不对称的，至少产生了21个PIN蛋白分支，其中15个是首次在这里发现的。虽然大多数PIN蛋白分支都具有保守的规范结构和模块化的中心环区，但分布在整个系统发育过程中的少数非规范分支具有高度不同的蛋白质结构。我们认为，在整个植物进化过程中，PIN蛋白经历了亚功能化和新功能化，蛋白质结构发生了实质性的改变。我们的结果对植物进化具有重要的意义，因为它们表明，在平行辐射中出现的结构差异的PIN蛋白有助于不同陆地植物谱系中器官系统的趋同进化。
The plant hormone auxin is a conserved regulator of development which has been implicated in the generation of morphological novelty. PIN-FORMED1 (PIN) auxin efflux carriers are central to auxin function by regulating its distribution. PIN family members have divergent structures and cellular localizations, but the origin and evolutionary significance of this variation is unresolved. To characterize PIN family evolution, we have undertaken phylogenetic and structural analyses with a massive increase in taxon sampling over previous studies. Our phylogeny shows that following the divergence of the bryophyte and lycophyte lineages, two deep duplication events gave rise to three distinct lineages of PIN proteins in euphyllophytes. Subsequent independent radiations within each of these lineages were taxonomically asymmetric, giving rise to at least 21 clades of PIN proteins, of which 15 are revealed here for the first time. Although most PIN protein clades share a conserved canonical structure with a modular central loop domain, a small number of noncanonical clades dispersed across the phylogeny have highly divergent protein structure. We propose that PIN proteins underwent sub- and neofunctionalization with substantial modification to protein structure throughout plant evolution. Our results have important implications for plant evolution as they suggest that structurally divergent PIN proteins that arose in paralogous radiations contributed to the convergent evolution of organ systems in different land plant lineages.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
Scheres, B
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