Characterization of sub-nuclear changes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos exposed to brief, intermediate and long-term anoxia to analyze anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest.
Characterization of sub-nuclear changes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos exposed to brief, intermediate and long-term anoxia to analyze anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2121-6-47
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发表时间：
2005-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Padilla PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hajeri VA;Trejo J;Padilla PA
土壤线虫C.秀丽线虫通过进入细胞周期进程可逆地停止的假死状态而在缺氧条件（缺氧; <.001kPa O2）下存活。缺氧胚胎的卵裂球大多数在分裂间期、分裂前期和分裂中期停滞。纺锤体检查点蛋白SAN-1和SAN-2是胚胎在缺氧条件下存活24小时所必需的。为了进一步研究细胞周期阻滞的机制，我们检查并比较了亚核的变化，如染色质定位模式，组蛋白H3的翻译后修饰，纺锤体微管，和纺锤体检查点蛋白SAN-1的定位相对于各种缺氧暴露时间点。为了确保分析暴露于缺氧而不是缺氧后恢复的胚胎，我们将所有胚胎固定在缺氧手套箱室中。暴露于短暂缺氧（30分钟）的胚胎含有染色体靠近核膜的前期卵裂球，间期染色质浓缩和纺锤体微管密度降低的中期卵裂球。暴露于较长时间缺氧（1-3天）的胚胎显示出几个特征，包括间期染色质进一步浓缩并靠近核膜，纺锤体结构周长减少以及SAN-1在动粒处的定位减少。此外，我们表明，纺锤体检查点蛋白SAN-1是短暂的缺氧诱导的细胞周期停滞所需的，从而证明这种基因产物对早期缺氧反应至关重要。在这份报告中，我们认为，发生的事件，作为一个短暂的缺氧指示细胞周期阻滞的即时反应。从我们的研究结果中，我们得出结论，暴露于缺氧的胚胎的亚核特征取决于暴露时间，如使用短暂（30分钟），中期（6或12小时）或长期（24或72小时）暴露测定。分析这些变化将导致对启动和维持细胞周期停滞所需的机制的理解，缺氧暴露时间以及导致缺氧诱导的细胞周期停滞的事件发生的顺序。
The soil nematode C. elegans survives oxygen-deprived conditions (anoxia; <.001 kPa O2) by entering into a state of suspended animation in which cell cycle progression reversibly arrests. The majority of blastomeres of embryos exposed to anoxia arrest at interphase, prophase and metaphase. The spindle checkpoint proteins SAN-1 and MDF-2 are required for embryos to survive 24 hours of anoxia. To further investigate the mechanism of cell-cycle arrest we examined and compared sub-nuclear changes such as chromatin localization pattern, post-translational modification of histone H3, spindle microtubules, and localization of the spindle checkpoint protein SAN-1 with respect to various anoxia exposure time points. To ensure analysis of embryos exposed to anoxia and not post-anoxic recovery we fixed all embryos in an anoxia glove box chamber. Embryos exposed to brief periods to anoxia (30 minutes) contain prophase blastomeres with chromosomes in close proximity to the nuclear membrane, condensation of interphase chromatin and metaphase blastomeres with reduced spindle microtubules density. Embryos exposed to longer periods of anoxia (1–3 days) display several characteristics including interphase chromatin that is further condensed and in close proximity to the nuclear membrane, reduction in spindle structure perimeter and reduced localization of SAN-1 at the kinetochore. Additionally, we show that the spindle checkpoint protein SAN-1 is required for brief periods of anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest, thus demonstrating that this gene product is vital for early anoxia responses. In this report we suggest that the events that occur as an immediate response to brief periods of anoxia directs cell cycle arrest. From our results we conclude that the sub-nuclear characteristics of embryos exposed to anoxia depends upon exposure time as assayed using brief (30 minutes), intermediate (6 or 12 hours) or long-term (24 or 72 hours) exposures. Analyzing these changes will lead to an understanding of the mechanisms required for initiation and maintenance of cell cycle arrest in respect to anoxia exposure time as well as order the events that occur to bring about anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1532-0456(02)00080-7
发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hermes-Lima, M;Zenteno-Savín, T
通讯作者：
Zenteno-Savín, T
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.18.9493
发表时间：
1996-09-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hochachka, PW;Buck, LT;Land, SC
通讯作者：
Land, SC
影响因子：
4
作者：
Amon, A
通讯作者：
Amon, A
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Encalada, SE;Willis, J;Bowerman, B
通讯作者：
Bowerman, B
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.100.5.1623
发表时间：
1985-05
期刊：
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Foe VE;Alberts BM
通讯作者：
Alberts BM