Expression and function of a large non-coding RNA gene XIST in human cancer.
Expression and function of a large non-coding RNA gene XIST in human cancer.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00268-010-0951-0
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发表时间：
2011-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Chen, Changyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weakley, Sarah M.;Wang, Hao;Yao, Qizhi;Chen, Changyi
X非活性特异性转录本(XIST)RNA参与了X染色体在雌性细胞中的沉默，并允许X染色体与雄性细胞平衡。与正常细胞相比，X失活特异转录物在多种人类肿瘤中表达异常；同时，人们注意到在人类癌症标本中明显缺乏失活的X染色体，而X染色体的复制被广泛注意到。X染色体状态和XIST表达在癌症中发生变化的具体途径仍未完全描述。然而，XIST在BRCA1介导的表观遗传活性中的作用已经被提出。在这里，我们回顾了关于XIST在各种女性、男性和非性别相关人类癌症中的表达和X染色体状态的数据。目前尚不清楚X染色体复制、XIST失调和X连锁基因的过度表达是肿瘤发生的重要因素，还是仅仅是这些癌症整体表观遗传不稳定性的结果。
X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) RNA is involved in X chromosome silencing in female cells and allows X chromosome equilibration with males. X inactive-specific transcript expression has been found to be dysregulated in a variety of human cancers when compared to normal cells; meanwhile, the inactivated X chromosome has been noted to be conspicuously absent in human cancer specimens, whereas X chromosome duplications are widely noted. The specific pathways whereby changes in X chromosome status and XIST expression occur in cancer remain incompletely described. Nevertheless, a role for XIST in BRCA1-mediated epigenetic activity has been proposed. Here we review the data regarding XIST expression and X chromosome status in a variety of female, male, and non–sex-related human cancers. It is not yet known whether X chromosome duplication, XIST dysregulation, and over-expression of X-linked genes represent important factors in tumorgenesis or are simply a consequence of overall epigenetic instability in these cancers.
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