Gold nanoparticles and their alternatives for radiation therapy enhancement.
Gold nanoparticles and their alternatives for radiation therapy enhancement.
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DOI：
10.3389/fchem.2014.00086
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Nadeau JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper DR;Bekah D;Nadeau JL
放射治疗是癌症最常用的治疗方法之一。通过光电效应的增强，高Z材料的存在可以放大电离辐射的剂量;研究最广泛的材料是金（原子序数79）。然而，需要大量来获得显著的剂量增强，这对递送提出了挑战。为了使这种技术具有更广泛的适用性，必须以金为目标，或者开发出不仅仅依赖于光电效应的替代制剂。一种可能的方法是用电离辐射激发纳米粒子，然后以类似于光动力疗法（PDT）的方式利用这些粒子和附着的染料之间的能量转移。掺杂的稀土卤化物和半导体量子点已被研究用于此目的。然而，尽管辐射激发后发射光的光谱通常与光激发时所见的光谱相似，但产率却不同。闪烁产率的测量是具有挑战性的，并且在许多情况下仅针对体材料进行，对原理如何转化为纳米级的理解很少。另一种替代方法是使用金或铁进行局部加热，然后应用电离辐射。热疗使肿瘤预先敏感，从而改善反应。另一种方法是使用可以使肿瘤放射增敏的化疗药物。药物可以附着在高Z纳米颗粒上或被封装。本文讨论了这些技术中的每一种，概述了纳米粒子辅助放射治疗的现状和未来的发展方向。
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer. The dose of delivered ionizing radiation can be amplified by the presence of high-Z materials via an enhancement of the photoelectric effect; the most widely studied material is gold (atomic number 79). However, a large amount is needed to obtain a significant dose enhancement, presenting a challenge for delivery. In order to make this technique of broader applicability, the gold must be targeted, or alternative formulations developed that do not rely solely on the photoelectric effect. One possible approach is to excite scintillating nanoparticles with ionizing radiation, and then exploit energy transfer between these particles and attached dyes in a manner analogous to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Doped rare-earth halides and semiconductor quantum dots have been investigated for this purpose. However, although the spectrum of emitted light after radiation excitation is usually similar to that seen with light excitation, the yield is not. Measurement of scintillation yields is challenging, and in many cases has been done only for bulk materials, with little understanding of how the principles translate to the nanoscale. Another alternative is to use local heating using gold or iron, followed by application of ionizing radiation. Hyperthermia pre-sensitizes the tumors, leading to an improved response. Another approach is to use chemotherapeutic drugs that can radiosensitize tumors. Drugs may be attached to high-Z nanoparticles or encapsulated. This article discusses each of these techniques, giving an overview of the current state of nanoparticle-assisted radiation therapy and future directions.
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影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Atkinson RL;Zhang M;Diagaradjane P;Peddibhotla S;Contreras A;Hilsenbeck SG;Woodward WA;Krishnan S;Chang JC;Rosen JM
通讯作者：
Rosen JM
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14
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Dujardin, Christophe;Amans, David;Pillonnet, Anne
通讯作者：
Pillonnet, Anne
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Geng, Feng;Song, Kun;Kong, Beihua
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Di, Weihua;Li, Jie;Sakka, Yoshio
通讯作者：
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