Neural mechanisms of credit assignment for inferred relationships in a structured world

Neural mechanisms of credit assignment for inferred relationships in a structured world
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结构化世界中推断关系的信用分配神经机制

DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.021
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Boorman, Erie D.
Boorman, Erie D.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Witkowski, Phillip P.;Park, Seongmin A.;Boorman, Erie D.

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Animals abstract compact representations of a task's structure, which supports accelerated learning and flexible behavior. Whether and how such abstracted representations may be used to assign credit for inferred, but unobserved, relationships in structured environments are unknown. We develop a hierarchical reversal-learning task and Bayesian learning model to assess the computational and neural mechanisms underlying how humans infer specific choice-outcome associations via structured knowledge. We find that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) efficiently represents hierarchically related choice-outcome associations governed by the same latent cause, using a generalized code to assign credit for both experienced and inferred outcomes. Furthermore, the mPFC and lateral orbitofrontal cortex track the current "position" within a latent association space that generalizes over stimuli. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of both tracking the current position in an abstracted task space and efficient, generalizable representations in the prefrontal cortex for supporting flexible learning and inference in structured environments.
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