Temporal patterns of nucleotide misincorporations and DNA fragmentation in ancient DNA.

Temporal patterns of nucleotide misincorporations and DNA fragmentation in ancient DNA.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0034131
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Pääbo S
Pääbo S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sawyer S;Krause J;Guschanski K;Savolainen V;Pääbo S

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在博物馆标本、骨骼和考古学家发现的其他组织中幸存下来的DNA总是碎片化和化学修饰。这种修饰随时间积累的程度在很大程度上是未知的,但可能被用来区分内源性旧DNA和当今的DNA污染标本和实验。在这里,我们研究线粒体DNA序列的组织仍然是不同的年龄在18和60,000年之间的三个分子特征:片段长度,碱基组成在链断裂,和明显的C到T的取代。我们发现,片段长度并不随着时间的推移而一致地减少,并且链断裂优先发生在嘌呤残基之前,这可能是至少两种尚不清楚的不同分子机制。相比之下,分子5′-端的明显C至T取代的频率倾向于随时间增加。因此,这些核苷酸错配是一种有用的工具,可以区分没有经过不寻常或苛刻处理的标本中的近代和古代DNA来源。
DNA that survives in museum specimens, bones and other tissues recovered by archaeologists is invariably fragmented and chemically modified. The extent to which such modifications accumulate over time is largely unknown but could potentially be used to differentiate between endogenous old DNA and present-day DNA contaminating specimens and experiments. Here we examine mitochondrial DNA sequences from tissue remains that vary in age between 18 and 60,000 years with respect to three molecular features: fragment length, base composition at strand breaks, and apparent C to T substitutions. We find that fragment length does not decrease consistently over time and that strand breaks occur preferentially before purine residues by what may be at least two different molecular mechanisms that are not yet understood. In contrast, the frequency of apparent C to T substitutions towards the 5′-ends of molecules tends to increase over time. These nucleotide misincorporations are thus a useful tool to distinguish recent from ancient DNA sources in specimens that have not been subjected to unusual or harsh treatments.
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