Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers.
Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-017-0248-3
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Held C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seefeldt MA;Campana GL;Deregibus D;Quartino ML;Abele D;Tollrian R;Held C
食腐动物行会由多种物种组成，它们共存于同一栖息地，并在食物网中共享同一生态位。它们之间的生态位划分可以体现在不同的喂养策略中，例如在胴体饲喂过程中。在南大洋的底栖中上层区域，食腐片脚类动物（Lysianassoidea）无处不在，并且在分解过程中发挥着核心作用。在这里，我们解决了食腐性的 lysianassoid 片脚类动物在尸体摄食过程中是否采用不同的摄食策略，以及协同摄食活动是否可能影响尸体分解的问题。为此，我们在鱼尸体喂养过程中比较了相对较大的物种 Waldeckia obesa 与小型物种 Cheirimedon femoratus、Hippomedon kergueleni 和 Orchomenella rotundifrons (Notothenia spp.)。该实验方法结合了异位喂养实验、行为观察和下颌骨扫描电子显微镜分析。此外，我们的目的是检测波特湾南极沿海生态系统中食腐片脚类动物分布模式的生态驱动因素。在波特湾，气候驱动的福卡德冰川快速退缩正在导致各种环境变化，包括提供新的海洋栖息地供殖民。虽然在新近无冰的地区鱼类很少见，但大型藻类已经在坚硬的基质上定居。假设暂时的饮食转换可能会增加最丰富的 lysianassoids C. femoratus 和 H. kergueleni 的定殖成功率，我们的目的是确定它们的消耗率（g 食物 x g 片足类−1 x 天−1）以及对大型藻类和鱼类的偏好。我们在食腐片足类动物的尸体进食过程中发现了两个具有不同进食策略的功能群：尸体“开启者”和“挤压者”。在测试条件下，这些组之间的协同效应尚未得到统计验证。当无法获得鱼类时，C. femoratus 会通过食用大型藻类（大约 0.2 天−1）来改变其饮食，但会通过每天进食高达自身质量的 80% 来更喜欢鱼类。相反，H. kergueleni 完全拒绝大型藻类，并以最大速率 0.8 天−1 消耗鱼类。这项研究揭示了浅水片脚类食腐动物的功能群，并提供了沿海行会内生态位划分的新信息。我们的结论是，C. femoratus 的饮食灵活性是一个潜在的生态驱动因素，也是其成功殖民新的无冰南极沿海栖息地的核心。本文的在线版本 (10.1186/s12983-017-0248-3) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Scavenger guilds are composed of a variety of species, co-existing in the same habitat and sharing the same niche in the food web. Niche partitioning among them can manifest in different feeding strategies, e.g. during carcass feeding. In the bentho-pelagic realm of the Southern Ocean, scavenging amphipods (Lysianassoidea) are ubiquitous and occupy a central role in decomposition processes. Here we address the question whether scavenging lysianassoid amphipods employ different feeding strategies during carcass feeding, and whether synergistic feeding activities may influence carcass decomposition. To this end, we compared the relatively large species Waldeckia obesa with the small species Cheirimedon femoratus, Hippomedon kergueleni, and Orchomenella rotundifrons during fish carcass feeding (Notothenia spp.). The experimental approach combined ex situ feeding experiments, behavioural observations, and scanning electron microscopic analyses of mandibles. Furthermore, we aimed to detect ecological drivers for distribution patterns of scavenging amphipods in the Antarctic coastal ecosystems of Potter Cove. In Potter Cove, the climate-driven rapid retreat of the Fourcade Glacier is causing various environmental changes including the provision of new marine habitats to colonise. While in the newly ice-free areas fish are rare, macroalgae have already colonised hard substrates. Assuming that a temporal dietary switch may increase the colonisation success of the most abundant lysianassoids C. femoratus and H. kergueleni, we aimed to determine their consumption rates (g food x g amphipods−1 x day−1) and preferences of macroalgae and fish. We detected two functional groups with different feeding strategies among scavenging amphipods during carcass feeding: carcass ‘opener’ and ‘squeezer’. Synergistic effects between these groups were not statistically verified under the conditions tested. C. femoratus switched its diet when fish was not available by consuming macroalgae (about 0.2 day−1) but preferred fish by feeding up to 80% of its own mass daily. Contrary, H. kergueleni rejected macroalgae entirely and consumed fish with a maximal rate of 0.8 day−1. This study reveals functional groups in scavenging shallow-water amphipods and provides new information on coastal intraguild niche partitioning. We conclude that the dietary flexibility of C. femoratus is a potential ecological driver and central to its success in the colonisation of newly available ice-free Antarctic coastal habitats. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0248-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Getz WM
通讯作者：
Getz WM
DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.024
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Gutt, Julian;Barratt, Iain;Smith, Craig
通讯作者：
Smith, Craig
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Dauby, P;Scailteur, Y;De Broyer, C
通讯作者：
De Broyer, C
影响因子：
3
作者：
Anderson, Gail S.;Bell, Lynne S.
通讯作者：
Bell, Lynne S.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
DAHL, E
通讯作者：
DAHL, E