Spiroplasma bacteria enhance survival of Drosophila hydei attacked by the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma.
Spiroplasma bacteria enhance survival of Drosophila hydei attacked by the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0012149
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发表时间：
2010-08-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mateos M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xie J;Vilchez I;Mateos M
内共生细菌和昆虫之间通过母体传播的联系无处不在。虽然许多这些协会是专性和互利的，许多是兼性的，这些微生物在其宿主谱系中持续存在的机制仍然难以捉摸。如果没有其他机制增加其持久性，则预期具有不完美传播的遗传微生物将从其宿主谱系中丢失（即，宿主生殖操纵和/或对宿主的适应性益处）。事实上，许多兼性遗传内共生体是生殖操纵者。尽管如此，许多不操纵繁殖，所以他们预计将赋予健康的好处，他们的主机，已在几项研究报告防御天敌，耐受环境压力，并增加繁殖力。我们研究了是否由一个共同的寄生蜂（Leptopilina heterotoma）的攻击，果蝇hydei的幼虫到成虫的生存，不同的未感染的苍蝇和苍蝇，人工感染螺原体，遗传内共生体的果蝇hydei，似乎不操纵宿主繁殖。存活率显着更大的螺原体感染的苍蝇，螺原体感染的影响是最明显的主机的蛹阶段。我们检查了螺原体感染的苍蝇的存活率增加是否是由于黄蜂产卵减少（即，产卵前机制）。每蝇幼虫的黄蜂卵的数量之间没有显着差异无螺原体和螺原体感染的蝇幼虫，这表明差异苍蝇生存是由于产卵后的机制。我们的研究结果表明，螺原体赋予保护D。hydei防治胡蜂寄生。据我们所知，这是第一个报告的一个潜在的防御互惠在属螺原体。这是否解释了该菌株在自然种群中的持久性和高丰度。hydei，以及广泛分布的遗传螺原体在果蝇和其他节肢动物，仍有待调查。
Maternally-transmitted associations between endosymbiotic bacteria and insects are ubiquitous. While many of these associations are obligate and mutually beneficial, many are facultative, and the mechanism(s) by which these microbes persist in their host lineages remain elusive. Inherited microbes with imperfect transmission are expected to be lost from their host lineages if no other mechanisms increase their persistence (i.e., host reproductive manipulation and/or fitness benefits to host). Indeed numerous facultative heritable endosymbionts are reproductive manipulators. Nevertheless, many do not manipulate reproduction, so they are expected to confer fitness benefits to their hosts, as has been shown in several studies that report defense against natural enemies, tolerance to environmental stress, and increased fecundity. We examined whether larval to adult survival of Drosophila hydei against attack by a common parasitoid wasp (Leptopilina heterotoma), differed between uninfected flies and flies that were artificially infected with Spiroplasma, a heritable endosymbiont of Drosophila hydei that does not appear to manipulate host reproduction. Survival was significantly greater for Spiroplasma-infected flies, and the effect of Spiroplasma infection was most evident during the host's pupal stage. We examined whether or not increased survival of Spiroplasma-infected flies was due to reduced oviposition by the wasp (i.e., pre-oviposition mechanism). The number of wasp eggs per fly larva did not differ significantly between Spiroplasma-free and Spiroplasma-infected fly larvae, suggesting that differential fly survival is due to a post-oviposition mechanism. Our results suggest that Spiroplasma confers protection to D. hydei against wasp parasitism. This is to our knowledge the first report of a potential defensive mutualism in the genus Spiroplasma. Whether it explains the persistence and high abundance of this strain in natural populations of D. hydei, as well as the widespread distribution of heritable Spiroplasma in Drosophila and other arthropods, remains to be investigated.
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作者：
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DOI：
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