Calorie restriction and cancer prevention: metabolic and molecular mechanisms.

Calorie restriction and cancer prevention: metabolic and molecular mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tips.2009.11.004
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发表时间:
2010-02
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Fontana L
Fontana L
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Longo VD;Fontana L

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近年来的一个重要发现是,生活方式和环境因素影响癌症的发生、发展和进展,这表明许多恶性肿瘤是可以预防的。流行病学研究强烈表明,过度肥胖、体力活动减少和不健康的饮食是许多常见癌症的发病机制和预后的关键因素。此外,卡路里限制(CR),没有营养不良,已被证明是广泛有效的预防癌症的实验室菌株的啮齿动物。成年发病的中度CR也使猴子的癌症发病率降低了50%。CR的抗肿瘤作用是否适用于人类尚不清楚,但CR导致与各种恶性肿瘤相关的生长因子、合成代谢激素、炎性细胞因子和氧化应激标志物的循环水平持续降低。在这里,我们讨论了营养干预和癌症预防之间的联系,重点是在简单的系统和哺乳动物中可能导致这些影响的机制,以期开发化学预防剂。
An important discovery of recent years has been that lifestyle and environmental factors affect cancer initiation, promotion and progression, suggesting that many malignancies are preventable. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that excessive adiposity, decreased physical activity, and unhealthy diets are key players in the pathogenesis and prognosis of many common cancers. In addition, calorie restriction (CR), without malnutrition, has been shown to be broadly effective in cancer-prevention in laboratory strains of rodents. Adult-onset moderate CR also reduces cancer incidence by 50% in monkeys. Whether the anti-tumorigenic effects of CR will apply to humans is unknown, but CR results in a consistent reduction in circulating levels of growth factors, anabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers associated with various malignancies. Here, we discuss the link between nutritional interventions and cancer prevention with focus on the mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects in simple systems and mammals with a view to developing chemoprevention agents.
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