Self-gated, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with compressed-sensing reconstruction for evaluating endothelial permeability in the aortic root of atherosclerotic mice.
Self-gated, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with compressed-sensing reconstruction for evaluating endothelial permeability in the aortic root of atherosclerotic mice.
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高风险动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点是活跃的炎症和大量渗漏的微血管。我们提出了一种采用压缩感知重建的自门控动态对比增强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）采集方法，并将其应用于评估自然疾病进展过程中 Apoe−/− 动脉粥样硬化小鼠主动脉根部内皮通透性的纵向变化。将 24 只 8 周大的雌性 Apoe−/− 小鼠分为四组（每组 n = 6 只），并在开始高脂肪饮食后第 4、8、12 和 16 周使用自门控 DCE-MRI 进行成像，然后安乐死以进行巨噬细胞的 CD68 免疫组织化学分析。另外八只小鼠保持高脂肪饮食，并在同一时间点进行纵向成像。使用经过验证的分段线性模型分析主动脉根部伪浓度曲线。测量造影剂洗入和洗出斜率（b 1 和 b 2 ）作为主动脉根部内皮通透性的替代值，并通过免疫组织化学与巨噬细胞密度进行比较。 b 2 表示造影剂流失，在长期高脂肪饮食的小鼠中显着较高（p = 0.03）。组间比较显示，高脂肪饮食 4 周与 16 周的小鼠之间存在显着差异 (p = 0.03)。巨噬细胞密度也随着饮食时间的延长而显着增加（p= 0.009）。 DCE-MRI 的 b 2 与巨噬细胞密度之间的 Spearman 相关性表明两个参数之间的关系较弱 (r = 0.28，p = 0.20)。经过验证的 DCE-MRI 数据分段线性模型表明，主动脉根部造影剂冲洗率在疾病进展过程中显着不同。该技术从单切片到 3D 采集的进一步发展可以更好地研究这一重要疾病模型中内皮渗透性的体内成像与动脉粥样硬化斑块的遗传、分子和细胞组成之间的关系。引起心血管事件的高风险动脉粥样硬化斑块的特征是明显的炎症浸润，并伴有广泛的渗漏微血管网络。在本文中，我们提出了动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型中主动脉根部的动态对比增强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）采集和压缩感知重建。在一项纵向研究中，我们发现根据该采集计算出的造影剂冲洗斜率在疾病自然进展期间显着不同。
High‐risk atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by active inflammation and abundant leaky microvessels. We present a self‐gated, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) acquisition with compressed sensing reconstruction and apply it to assess longitudinal changes in endothelial permeability in the aortic root of Apoe−/− atherosclerotic mice during natural disease progression. Twenty‐four, 8‐week‐old, female Apoe−/− mice were divided into four groups (n = 6 each) and imaged with self‐gated DCE‐MRI at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after high‐fat diet initiation, and then euthanized for CD68 immunohistochemistry for macrophages. Eight additional mice were kept on a high‐fat diet and imaged longitudinally at the same time points. Aortic‐root pseudo‐concentration curves were analyzed using a validated piecewise linear model. Contrast agent wash‐in and washout slopes (b 1 and b 2 ) were measured as surrogates of aortic root endothelial permeability and compared with macrophage density by immunohistochemistry. b 2 , indicating contrast agent washout, was significantly higher in mice kept on an high‐fat diet for longer periods of time (p = 0.03). Group comparison revealed significant differences between mice on a high‐fat diet for 4 versus 16 weeks (p = 0.03). Macrophage density also significantly increased with diet duration (p = 0.009). Spearman correlation between b 2 from DCE‐MRI and macrophage density indicated a weak relationship between the two parameters (r = 0.28, p = 0.20). Validated piecewise linear modeling of the DCE‐MRI data showed that the aortic root contrast agent washout rate is significantly different during disease progression. Further development of this technique from a single‐slice to a 3D acquisition may enable better investigation of the relationship between in vivo imaging of endothelial permeability and atherosclerotic plaques' genetic, molecular, and cellular makeup in this important model of disease. Atherosclerotic plaques at high risk of causing cardiovascular events are characterized by a prominent inflammatory infiltrate accompanied by the presence of an extensive network of leaky microvessels. In this paper, we present a dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction to aortic root in mouse models of atherosclerosis. In a longitudinal study, we find that the contrast agent washout slope, calculated from this acquisition, is significantly different during the disease natural progression.
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