Phylogenetic and ecological diversity of apusomonads, a lineage of deep-branching eukaryotes.

Phylogenetic and ecological diversity of apusomonads, a lineage of deep-branching eukaryotes.
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DOI:
10.1111/1758-2229.12507
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发表时间:
2017-04
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
López-García P
López-García P
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Torruella G;Moreira D;López-García P

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无鞭毛单胞菌是一组奇特的异养滑行双鞭毛类生物,在真核生物的生命树中作为后鞭毛体(包括动物、真菌和各种单细胞原生生物)的姐妹群而深深分支。尽管他们的进化兴趣,他们的多样性和生态仍然在很大程度上是未知的,在数据库中描述的物种和环境序列很少。大多数基于环境18 S rRNA基因的研究通常无法识别无单胞菌序列,这可能是由于引物偏差,低丰度和/或其生物位仍然探索不足的事实。我们已经进行了广泛的搜索18 S rRNA基因使用apusomonad特异性引物在各种各样的生态系统。我们的研究显着扩大了apusomonads的多样性,显示,尽管大多是罕见的原生生物,他们往往居住在淡水和海洋底栖环境,通常与低氧浓度。在很宽的盐度范围内的环境中已经发现了无鞭毛单胞菌。一些在海洋和淡水生态系统中都存在的操作分类单位(OTU)似乎是真正的广盐性,这表明这种深分支谱系的成员很容易跨越这种生态障碍。
Apusomonads are a mysterious group of heterotrophic gliding biflagellates branching deeply in the eukaryotic tree of life as sister group to opisthokonts (including animals, fungi and a variety of unicellular protists). Despite their evolutionary interest, their diversity and ecology remain largely unknown, with very few described species and environmental sequences in databases. Most environmental 18S rRNA gene-based studies generally fail to identify apusomonad sequences, which might be due to primer bias, low abundance and/or to the fact that their biotopes remain poorly explored. We have carried out an extensive search of 18S rRNA genes using an apusomonad-specific primer in a wide variety of ecosystems. Our study significantly broadens the diversity of apusomonads showing that, despite being mostly rare protists, they often dwell in freshwater and marine benthic environments, generally associated with low-oxygen concentrations. Apusomonads have been identified in environments across a wide salinity range. Some operational taxonomic units (OTUs), occurring in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, seem truly euryhaline, indicating that members of this deep-branching lineage easily cross such ecological barriers.
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