Geo-politics and freshwater fish introductions: How the Cold War shaped Europe's fish allodiversity
Geo-politics and freshwater fish introductions: How the Cold War shaped Europe's fish allodiversity
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地缘政治和淡水鱼类介绍：冷战如何塑造欧洲鱼类的多样性
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.017
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Britton J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Britton J
操纵生态系统以支持经济活动的活动为非本土物种提供了主要的引进途径。因此，国家间社会经济条件的巨大差异可能会影响生态系统的操纵方式，从而影响其非本土物种群落的构成。在这里，我们比较了1970年至2009年期间淡水鱼水产养殖产量和宏观社会经济驱动因素对欧洲淡水鱼异种多样性的影响。由于冷战，在20世纪后半叶的大部分时间里，欧洲的社会经济状况出现了分化。例如，与东方集团相比，西方集团国家的GDP和人均GDP显著更高。在这39年期间，东部集团国家的水产养殖产量主要由亚洲鲤科鱼类主导，而在西部集团国家，其水产养殖产量主要由北美彩虹鱼Oncorhynchus mykiss主导。对欧洲关于从水产养殖引入野生鱼类的数据库的分析表明，整个欧洲与水产养殖有关的单独淡水鱼引进有279种(东部第118组，西部第161组)，涉及32个科117种。两个区块之间引进的这些鱼类的同质性相对较低；只有28个物种被引入两个区块。西方集团国家的引进鱼类和引进事件也明显较多，但其国家之间引进鱼类的相似性较低。水产养殖产量是所有国家非本土淡水鱼数量的重要预测因素，尽管其他因素，特别是人口规模和人均国内生产总值也是重要预测因素。因此，水产养殖在欧洲一直是一个强大的引进压力，并提供了鱼类异种多样性的可靠预测指标。
Activities that manipulate ecosystems to support economic activities provide major introduction pathways for non-native species. As such, substantial differences in the socioeconomic conditions between countries could influence how ecosystems are manipulated and thus impact the composition of their communities of non-native species. Here, we compared the influence of freshwater fish aquaculture production and macro-socioeconomic drivers on the freshwater fish allodiversity of Europe between 1970 and 2009. A divergence in the socio-economic conditions of Europe prevailed during much of the latter half of the 20th Century as a result of the Cold War. For example, GDP and GDP per capita were significantly higher in Western bloc countries compared to the Eastern bloc. In this 39 year period, aquaculture production in Eastern bloc countries was dominated by Asian cyprinid fish whereas in Western bloc countries it was dominated by the North American rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss. Analysis of a European database on introduced fish into the wild from aquaculture revealed that in entirety, there were 279 separate freshwater fish introductions in Europe associated with aquaculture (Eastern bloc 118, Western bloc 161), involving 117 species from 32 families. There was relatively low homogeneity in these introduced fishes between the two blocs; only 28 species were introduced into both. Western bloc countries also had significantly more introduced fishes and more introduction events, and less similarity in the introduced fishes between their countries. Aquaculture production was a significant predictor of the number of non-native freshwater fish across all the countries, although additional factors, especially human population size and GDP per capita, were also significant predictors. Thus, aquaculture has been a strong introduction pressure in Europe and provides a reliable predictor of fish allodiversity.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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2007
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
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