Evolutionary change in the construction of the nursery environment when parents are prevented from caring for their young directly.
Evolutionary change in the construction of the nursery environment when parents are prevented from caring for their young directly.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2102450118
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发表时间：
2021-11-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kilner RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duarte A;Rebar D;Hallett AC;Jarrett BJM;Kilner RM
例如，父母可以通过给后代提供食物或温暖来直接照顾后代，或者他们可以通过操纵后代发育的育儿环境，通过扩展表型在不直接接触的情况下帮助他们。使用实验进化方法，我们阻止父母直接向后代提供照顾，并观察长期照顾表型和后代性状如何响应进化。我们发现，剥夺后代的直接照料会导致保育环境的构建发生快速的适应性变化，从而将后代从原本不良的发育条件中拯救出来。总体而言，当后代被移植到由自己血统的父母构建的育苗环境中时，往往会表现得更好，这表明后代适应了进化的扩展亲本表型。父母的照顾可以分为涉及与后代直接接触的特征和以扩展表型表达并影响发育环境（例如建造托儿所）的特征。在这里，我们使用实验进化来测试父母在实验上被阻止直接向后代提供照顾时是否可以进化出苗圃建设的修改。我们将埋葬甲虫（Nicrophorus vespilloides）的复制实验群体暴露于不同的孵化后护理方案中，让幼虫在父母存在（全面护理）或不在父母存在（无护理）的情况下发育。仅经过 13 代的实验进化，我们就发现，无关心种群中的父母将尸体转化为幼虫腐肉巢穴的速度出现了适应性进化的加快。交叉寄养实验进一步表明，无照顾幼虫在无照顾父母准备的腐肉巢上的表现比完全照顾幼虫更好。我们得出的结论是，父母构建的托儿所环境与他们在后代出生后直接提供护理的有效性有关。当直接照料完全被阻止时，它们就会进化出对幼崽成长的托儿所做出补偿性调整。我们的实验中观察到的快速进化变化表明，自然掩埋甲虫种群中亲代照顾特征存在相当大的遗传变异，但原因尚不清楚。
Parents can care for offspring directly by giving them food or warmth, for example, or they can help them without direct contact via an extended phenotype by manipulating the nursery environment in which offspring develop. Using an experimental evolution approach, we prevented parents from directly supplying care to their offspring and observed how the extended care phenotype and offspring traits evolved in response. We found that depriving offspring of direct care caused rapid adaptive change in the construction of the nursery environment, which rescued offspring from otherwise poor developmental conditions. Overall, offspring tended to perform better when transplanted to a nursery environment constructed by parents of their own lineage, suggesting that offspring adapt to the evolved extended parental phenotype. Parental care can be partitioned into traits that involve direct engagement with offspring and traits that are expressed as an extended phenotype and influence the developmental environment, such as constructing a nursery. Here, we use experimental evolution to test whether parents can evolve modifications in nursery construction when they are experimentally prevented from supplying care directly to offspring. We exposed replicate experimental populations of burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) to different regimes of posthatching care by allowing larvae to develop in the presence (Full Care) or absence of parents (No Care). After only 13 generations of experimental evolution, we found an adaptive evolutionary increase in the pace at which parents in the No Care populations converted a dead body into a carrion nest for larvae. Cross-fostering experiments further revealed that No Care larvae performed better on a carrion nest prepared by No Care parents than did Full Care larvae. We conclude that parents construct the nursery environment in relation to their effectiveness at supplying care directly, after offspring are born. When direct care is prevented entirely, they evolve to make compensatory adjustments to the nursery in which their young will develop. The rapid evolutionary change observed in our experiments suggests there is considerable standing genetic variation for parental care traits in natural burying beetle populations—for reasons that remain unclear.
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精致的父母护理的进化：父母和后代性状之间的表型和遗传相关性。
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arw129
发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrews CP;Kruuk LE;Smiseth PT
通讯作者：
Smiseth PT
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Eggert, AK;Reinking, M;Müller, JK
通讯作者：
Müller, JK
共生型介导的抗生素产生的动力学揭示了对贝沃夫后代的有效长期保护。
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Koehler S;Doubský J;Kaltenpoth M
通讯作者：
Kaltenpoth M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
DiRienzo N;Aonuma H
通讯作者：
Aonuma H
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Arce, Andres N.;Smiseth, Per T.;Rozen, Daniel E.
通讯作者：
Rozen, Daniel E.