Evolution of new enzymes by gene duplication and divergence.
Evolution of new enzymes by gene duplication and divergence.
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DOI：
10.1111/febs.15299
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Copley SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Copley SD
自从生命诞生以来，成千上万种新的代谢和调节酶通过基因复制和分化而进化出来。新的酶活性通常来源于混杂的次级活性，由于环境的变化或突变，这些次级活性对适应性变得重要。使混杂活性与生理学相关的突变可以发生在编码混杂酶本身的基因中，但也可以发生在其他地方，导致酶的表达增加或天然底物与新底物之间对活性位点的竞争减少。如果一个新的有用的活动是无效的，基因复制/扩增将设置一个新的酶的分歧阶段。即使是几个突变，也可以使新活动的效率提高几个数量级。随着效率的提高，扩增的基因阵列将缩小以提供两个等位基因，一个编码原始酶，一个编码新酶。最终，基因组重排消除了共同扩增的基因，并将新进化的旁系同源物转移到基因组的遥远区域。
Thousands of new metabolic and regulatory enzymes have evolved by gene duplication and divergence since the dawn of life. New enzyme activities often originate from promiscuous secondary activities that have become important for fitness due to a change in the environment or a mutation. Mutations that make a promiscuous activity physiologically relevant can occur in the gene encoding the promiscuous enzyme itself, but can also occur elsewhere, resulting in increased expression of the enzyme or decreased competition between the native and novel substrates for the active site. If a newly useful activity is inefficient, gene duplication/amplification will set the stage for divergence of a new enzyme. Even a few mutations can increase the efficiency of a new activity by orders of magnitude. As efficiency increases, amplified gene arrays will shrink to provide two alleles, one encoding the original enzyme and one encoding the new enzyme. Ultimately, genomic rearrangements eliminate co-amplified genes and move newly evolved paralogs to a distant region of the genome.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Brochet, Mathieu;Couve, Elisabeth;Glaser, Philippe
通讯作者：
Glaser, Philippe
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
KIRSCHNER, K
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Bergthorsson U
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.86.17.6661
发表时间：
1989-09-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GOGARTEN, JP;KIBAK, H;YOSHIDA, M
通讯作者：
YOSHIDA, M