Preparing Aquatic Research for an Extreme Future: Call for Improved Definitions and Responsive, Multidisciplinary Approaches.
Preparing Aquatic Research for an Extreme Future: Call for Improved Definitions and Responsive, Multidisciplinary Approaches.
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极端事件在全球范围内发生的频率有所增加，与此同时，科学界对极端事件的生态响应，特别是在敏感的淡水、沿海和海洋生态系统中的响应的兴趣也在激增。我们综合了这些水生生态系统中极端事件的观测研究，发现许多研究并没有使用一致的极端事件定义。此外，许多研究没有捕捉到整个事件的空间尺度的生态响应。相比之下，取样的时间跨度往往比事件本身更长，突出了长期监测的有用性。许多关于极端事件的生态研究衡量的是生物反应，但排除了化学和物理反应，这突出表明需要采取综合和多学科的方法。为了推进极端事件研究，我们建议优先考虑事件前和事件后的数据收集，包括利用长期监测;进行站点间和跨规模比较;采用新的经验和统计方法;以及开发资金流以支持灵活和响应性的数据收集。
Extreme events have increased in frequency globally, with a simultaneous surge in scientific interest about their ecological responses, particularly in sensitive freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems. We synthesized observational studies of extreme events in these aquatic ecosystems, finding that many studies do not use consistent definitions of extreme events. Furthermore, many studies do not capture ecological responses across the full spatial scale of the events. In contrast, sampling often extends across longer temporal scales than the event itself, highlighting the usefulness of long-term monitoring. Many ecological studies of extreme events measure biological responses but exclude chemical and physical responses, underscoring the need for integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. To advance extreme event research, we suggest prioritizing pre- and postevent data collection, including leveraging long-term monitoring; making intersite and cross-scale comparisons; adopting novel empirical and statistical approaches; and developing funding streams to support flexible and responsive data collection.
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