Repoliticising and scaling-up ethical consumption: Lessons from public procurement for school meals in Brazil

Repoliticising and scaling-up ethical consumption: Lessons from public procurement for school meals in Brazil
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重新政治化和扩大道德消费:巴西学校膳食公共采购的经验教训

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.08.016
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Kleine D
Kleine D
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kleine D

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道德消费是一个充满活力的研究领域,但存在经验和概念上的偏见。从经验上看,太多的数据是在全球北方收集的,往往形成一个错误的二元结构,即消费空间位于全球北方,而生产发生在全球南方。从概念上讲,越来越多的人要求研究人员不再强调个人消费者,而把重点放在集体机构和结构变化上。本文提供了这两个前沿的研究贡献。它报告了关于道德消费和公共采购的数据,这些数据是通过巴西有史以来第一次关于采购标准的大规模代表性调查和16个重点小组收集的。报告具体阐述了这些辩论,特别侧重于开创性的巴西学校供餐政策,该政策支持“家庭农场”和大规模有机生产模式,为4 300万巴西儿童提供膳食。从研究中吸取的经验教训包括:第一,通过公共采购成功扩大道德消费的潜力;第二,这种扩大迫使公共辩论在系统层面上参与粮食生产和消费的方式;第三,系统层面的辩论如何导致对粮食和农业的文化、社会、经济和环境作用的讨论重新政治化。焦点小组的讨论表明,学校供餐政策得到了高度支持,包括其子女无法从该计划中受益的富裕公民。调查还显示,巴西公民强烈支持在公共采购中使用环境和社会标准。
Ethical consumption is a vibrant field of research but suffers from both empirical and conceptual biases. Empirically, too much of the data is gathered in the global North, often framing a false binary in which consumption spaces are located in the global North while production takes place in the global South. Conceptually, there is a growing demand for researchers to move away from an emphasis on the individual consumer and instead focus on collective agency and structural change. This paper offers contributions to both of these frontiers of research. It reports on data on ethical consumption and public procurement, collected through the first ever large scale representative survey on procurement criteria and 16 focus groups in Brazil. It concretises these debates by focusing specifically on the pioneering Brazilian school meals policy which supports both “family farms” and organic modes of production at a massive scale, in providing meals to 43 million Brazilian children. Lessons learnt from the study include, firstly, the potential for successfully scaling up ethical consumption through public procurement; secondly, the way in which such scaling-up forces the public debate to engage with food production and consumption at a systemic level; and thirdly, how the systems-level debate leads to a repoliticisation of the discussion of the cultural, social, economic and environmental role of food and farming. The focus group discussions showed a high degree of support for the school meals policy, including from affluent citizens whose children would not benefit from the scheme. Surveys also showed strong support from Brazilian citizens for using environmental and social criteria in public procurement.
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