Enhancing Innovation and Underlying Neural Mechanisms Via Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults.
Enhancing Innovation and Underlying Neural Mechanisms Via Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2017.00314
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Keebler MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman SB;Spence JS;Aslan S;Keebler MW
非侵入性干预，如认知训练（CT）和体育锻炼，作为在整个生命过程中增强认知和大脑功能的方法，正获得越来越多的动力。创新思维是人类认知中最基本但研究很少的一个方面，尤其是老年人的创新思维。在这项研究中，我们利用一种创新认知的测量来检查抽象解释的数量和质量。这项随机试验在认知正常的成年人（56-75岁）中比较了认知推理训练（SMART）对多重解释测量（MIM）的创新认知的影响。我们还研究了与MIM相关的大脑变化，使用两种基于MRI的测量动脉自旋标记（ASL）来测量脑血流（CBF）和功能连接MRI （fcMRI）来测量静止时的默认模式和中央执行网络（CEN）同步。参与者（N = 58）被随机分为CT组、体育锻炼组（physical training， PT）或对照组（CN），其中CT组和PT组在12周内每周接受3小时的训练。他们在训练前、训练中和训练后使用创新的认知和MRI测量进行评估。首先，训练组在训练前和训练后在创新方面有显著的进步，而体育锻炼组和对照组则没有显著的进步。接下来，与体育锻炼组和对照组相比，CT组显示内侧眶额皮质（mOFC）和双侧后扣带皮质（PCC）的CBF增加，这两个节点位于默认模式网络（DMN）内。最后，创新绩效与CEN（正相关）和DMN（负相关）两个主要网络的连通性存在显著相关。这些结果支持了CEN和DMN对增强创新认知都很重要的观点。我们提出，健康老年人的神经机制可以通过推理训练进行修改，以更好地服务于增强的创新认知。
Non-invasive interventions, such as cognitive training (CT) and physical exercise, are gaining momentum as ways to augment both cognitive and brain function throughout life. One of the most fundamental yet little studied aspects of human cognition is innovative thinking, especially in older adults. In this study, we utilize a measure of innovative cognition that examines both the quantity and quality of abstracted interpretations. This randomized pilot trial in cognitively normal adults (56–75 years) compared the effect of cognitive reasoning training (SMART) on innovative cognition as measured by Multiple Interpretations Measure (MIM). We also examined brain changes in relation to MIM using two MRI-based measurement of arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to measure default mode and central executive network (CEN) synchrony at rest. Participants (N = 58) were randomized to the CT, physical exercise (physical training, PT) or control (CN) group where CT and PT groups received training for 3 h/week over 12 weeks. They were assessed at baseline-, mid- and post-training using innovative cognition and MRI measures. First, the CT group showed significant gains pre- to post-training on the innovation measure whereas the physical exercise and control groups failed to show significant gains. Next, the CT group showed increased CBF in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), two nodes within the Default Mode Network (DMN) compared to physical exercise and control groups. Last, significant correlations were found between innovation performance and connectivity of two major networks: CEN (positive correlation) and DMN (negative correlation). These results support the view that both the CEN and DMN are important for enhancement of innovative cognition. We propose that neural mechanisms in healthy older adults can be modified through reasoning training to better subserve enhanced innovative cognition.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
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Neubauer AC
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Sharp, David J.
DOI：
10.5770/cgj.v14i3.17
发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Sharratt MT
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Chapman SB;Aslan S;Spence JS;Keebler MW;DeFina LF;Didehbani N;Perez AM;Lu H;D'Esposito M
通讯作者：
D'Esposito M