The central extended amygdala in fear and anxiety: Closing the gap between mechanistic and neuroimaging research.
The central extended amygdala in fear and anxiety: Closing the gap between mechanistic and neuroimaging research.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.056
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发表时间：
2019-02-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Shackman AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox AS;Shackman AJ
焦虑症给公共卫生带来了惊人的负担，这强调了对极端恐惧和焦虑背后的分布式神经回路进行更深入了解的必要性。最近的工作强调了中央延伸杏仁核的重要性，包括中央杏仁核（Ce）和邻近的终纹床核（BST）。解剖学数据表明，Ce和BST形成了一个紧密相连的单元，不同类型的威胁相关信息可以整合到一起，形成恐惧和焦虑的状态。神经影像学研究表明，Ce和BST参与了广泛的潜在威胁相关的线索。同样，机械的工作表明，CE和BST是至关重要的参与组织防御反应，以广泛的威胁。对啮齿动物的研究已经开始揭示中央杏仁核内的特定分子、细胞和微电路，这些分子、细胞和微电路是恐惧和焦虑的基础，但这些诱人的发现与人类经历和疾病的相关性仍不清楚。新一代的非人类灵长类动物研究结合了局部扰动和全脑成像，开始缩小这一差距。这项工作打开了一扇大门，发现与病理性恐惧和焦虑相关的神经影像学措施的机制，了解Ce和BST如何相互作用，以及远端大脑区域如何管理对威胁的防御反应，并制定改进的干预策略。
Anxiety disorders impose a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the need to develop a deeper understanding of the distributed neural circuits underlying extreme fear and anxiety. Recent work highlights the importance of the central extended amygdala, including the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and neighboring bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Anatomical data indicate that the Ce and BST form a tightly interconnected unit, where different kinds of threat-relevant information can be integrated to assemble states of fear and anxiety. Neuroimaging studies show that the Ce and BST are engaged by a broad spectrum of potentially threat-relevant cues. Likewise, mechanistic work demonstrates that the Ce and BST are critically involved in organizing defensive responses to a wide range of threats. Studies in rodents have begun to reveal the specific molecules, cells, and microcircuits within the central extended amygdala that underlie signs of fear and anxiety, but the relevance of these tantalizing discoveries to human experience and disease remains unclear. Using a combination of focal perturbations and whole-brain imaging, a new generation of nonhuman primate studies is beginning to close this gap. This work opens the door to discovering the mechanisms underlying neuroimaging measures linked to pathological fear and anxiety, to understanding how the Ce and BST interact with one another and distal brain regions to govern defensive responses to threat, and to developing improved intervention strategies.
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