Intermittent hypoxic training improves anaerobic performance in competitive swimmers when implemented into a direct competition mesocycle.
Intermittent hypoxic training improves anaerobic performance in competitive swimmers when implemented into a direct competition mesocycle.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0180380
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Langfort J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czuba M;Wilk R;Karpiński J;Chalimoniuk M;Zajac A;Langfort J
本研究的主要目的是评估间歇低氧训练(IHT)对训练有素的游泳运动员的无氧和有氧能力以及游泳成绩的影响。将16名游泳运动员随机分为常压低氧训练组(H组，n=8)和常氧训练对照组(C组，n=8)。然而，一名参与者在没有解释的情况下离开了研究。H组在模拟低氧条件下每周进行两次陆上训练(FiO2=15.5%，相当于2500 ma.s.l)，但在常氧条件下进行游泳训练。C组在常氧条件下进行同样的训练。训练计划包括每周四次的微循环，然后是三天的恢复。在陆上训练期间，游泳者在手臂测功器上进行30秒的冲刺，在下肢自行车测功器上交替进行两分钟的高强度间歇。结果显示，陆上训练使H组和C组的绝对最大负荷(WRmax)分别增加了7.4%和3.2%，VO2max的相对值分别增加了6.9%和3.7%，差异有统计学意义(p<；0.05)，而VO2max的绝对值变化不明显。此外，在第一次(11.7%)和第二次(11.9%)Wingate试验中仅观察到H组的平均功率(P<；0.05)显著增加。两次Wingate试验后乳酸浓度(ΔLA)的差值(P<；0.05)在H组显著高于基线水平28.8%，而H组在两次Wingate试验后血pH的差值(ΔpH)变化相反，ΔpH值显著降低33.3%。常氧训练(C组)使100米和200米游泳成绩显著提高(P<；0.05)，分别提高1.1%和0.8%。综上所述，本研究最重要的发现包括高强度间歇高强度运动后无氧能力和游泳成绩的显著改善。然而，这种训练方案对VO2max绝对值和血液学变量没有影响。
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on anaerobic and aerobic capacity and swimming performance in well-trained swimmers. Sixteen male swimmers were randomly divided into a hypoxia (H) group (n = 8), which trained in a normobaric hypoxia environment, and a control (C) group (n = 8), which exercised under normoxic conditions. However, one participant left the study without explanation. During the experiment group H trained on land twice per week in simulated hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.5%, corresponding to 2,500 m a.s.l); however, they conducted swim training in normoxic conditions. Group C performed the same training program under normoxic conditions. The training program included four weekly microcyles, followed by three days of recovery. During practice sessions on land, the swimmers performed 30 second sprints on an arm-ergometer, alternating with two minute high intensity intervals on a lower limb cycle ergometer. The results showed that the training on land caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in absolute maximal workload (WRmax) by 7.4% in group H and by 3.2% in group C and relative values of VO2max by 6.9% in group H and 3.7% in group C. However, absolute values of VO2max were not significantly changed. Additionally, a significant (p<0.05) increase in mean power (Pmean) during the first (11.7%) and second (11.9%) Wingate tests was only observed in group H. The delta values of lactate concentration (ΔLA) after both Wingate tests were significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to baseline levels by 28.8% in group H. Opposite changes were observed in delta values of blood pH (ΔpH) after both Wingate tests in group H, with a significant decrease in values of ΔpH by 33.3%. The IHT caused a significant (p<0.05) improvement in 100m and 200m swimming performance, by 2.1% and 1.8%, respectively in group H. Training in normoxia (group C), resulted in a significant (p<0.05) improvement of swimming performance at 100m and 200m, by 1.1% and 0.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the most important finding of this study includes a significant improvement in anaerobic capacity and swimming performance after high-intensity IHT. However, this training protocol had no effect on absolute values of VO2max and hematological variables.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00946.x
发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Hamlin, M. J.;Marshall, H. C.;Anglem, N.
通讯作者：
Anglem, N.
影响因子：
18.4
作者：
Girard O;Brocherie F;Millet GP
通讯作者：
Millet GP
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Clark, SA;Aughey, RJ;Hawley, JA
通讯作者：
Hawley, JA
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
DESPLANCHES, D;HOPPELER, H;GEYSSANT, A
通讯作者：
GEYSSANT, A
DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de49d3
发表时间：
2007-09-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gore, Christopher John;Clark, Sally A.;Saunders, Philo U.
通讯作者：
Saunders, Philo U.