Mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen yields high breeding-site coverage and boosts juvenile mosquito mortality at the neighborhood scale.
Mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen yields high breeding-site coverage and boosts juvenile mosquito mortality at the neighborhood scale.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003702
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Luz SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abad-Franch F;Zamora-Perea E;Ferraz G;Padilla-Torres SD;Luz SL
蚊媒病原体对全球公共卫生构成重大挑战。由于大多数此类病原体仍无法获得疫苗或有效药物，疾病预防严重依赖病媒控制。然而，迄今为止，蚊虫控制已被证明是困难的，在控制运动期间，孳生地点覆盖率低被认为是一个主要缺点。一种新的策略是利用蚊子的产卵行为，让它们将一种强效杀幼虫剂吡丙醚（PPF）的微小颗粒从休息地传播到繁殖地，从而提高覆盖率。这种方法在小空间尺度上取得了可喜的结果，但其更广泛的适用性尚不清楚。我们在一项为期20个月的研究中进行了一项为期4个月的试验，以调查蚊虫驱动PPF粉尘颗粒从分布在7公顷分区内的100个“传播站”（DSs）传播到分布在约50公顷城市社区内的监测住所和哨点繁殖点（sss）。我们通过测量每个sbs月的幼蚊死亡率和成蚊羽化来评估试验的影响。利用来自1,075个居住月、2,988个sbs月和29,922只蚊子的数据，我们发现蚊子传播的PPF在住宅（高达100%）和sbs（高达94.3%）中具有很高的覆盖率。在PPF传播期间，SBSs的幼蚊死亡率（基线时约为4%）增加了一个数量级以上（约75%）。这导致sbs中成蚊的出现减少了10倍，从传播PPF之前的约1,000-3,000只/月减少到传播PPF期间的约100只/月。通过扩大繁殖地点覆盖率和提高幼蚊死亡率，基于蚊子传播PPF的策略有可能大大加强蚊虫控制。成蚊出现的急剧下降可降低病媒/宿主比率，减少疾病暴发的风险。这种方法是对当前和新的蚊子控制策略的非常有希望的补充；它可能特别与控制城市疾病媒介有关，例如伊蚊和库蚊，它们经常引起大规模流行病。蚊子传播的疾病是全世界最具挑战性的传染性威胁之一。控制蚊子对预防感染和疾病至关重要，特别是在没有有效疫苗或药物的情况下。目前蚊虫控制战略的一个主要缺点是，在控制运动期间，蚊虫滋生地点往往被忽视，因此得不到治疗。一个有吸引力的替代方案是利用雌性蚊子天生的寻找繁殖地点的能力，让它们传播微小的杀虫剂颗粒，从而毒害它们的后代。然而，到目前为止，这个想法只在小规模的试验中得到了验证。本研究表明，在热带城市社区，蚊子可以有效地将杀虫剂颗粒从传播站转移到距离为3至400米的哨点繁殖点。这产生了较高的繁殖地点覆盖率，高达94.3%的哨点繁殖地点有蚊虫传播杀虫剂污染的证据。在为期4个月的传播试验中，我们记录到幼蚊死亡率增加了10倍，成蚊出苗率减少了10倍。与其他策略相结合，这种方法有可能大大加强蚊媒疾病的预防，特别是在城市环境中。
Mosquito-borne pathogens pose major public health challenges worldwide. With vaccines or effective drugs still unavailable for most such pathogens, disease prevention heavily relies on vector control. To date, however, mosquito control has proven difficult, with low breeding-site coverage during control campaigns identified as a major drawback. A novel tactic exploits the egg-laying behavior of mosquitoes to have them disseminate tiny particles of a potent larvicide, pyriproxyfen (PPF), from resting to breeding sites, thus improving coverage. This approach has yielded promising results at small spatial scales, but its wider applicability remains unclear. We conducted a four-month trial within a 20-month study to investigate mosquito-driven dissemination of PPF dust-particles from 100 ‘dissemination stations’ (DSs) deployed in a 7-ha sub-area to surveillance dwellings and sentinel breeding sites (SBSs) distributed over an urban neighborhood of about 50 ha. We assessed the impact of the trial by measuring juvenile mosquito mortality and adult mosquito emergence in each SBS-month. Using data from 1,075 dwelling-months, 2,988 SBS-months, and 29,922 individual mosquitoes, we show that mosquito-disseminated PPF yielded high coverage of dwellings (up to 100%) and SBSs (up to 94.3%). Juvenile mosquito mortality in SBSs (about 4% at baseline) increased by over one order of magnitude during PPF dissemination (about 75%). This led to a >10-fold decrease of adult mosquito emergence from SBSs, from approximately 1,000–3,000 adults/month before to about 100 adults/month during PPF dissemination. By expanding breeding-site coverage and boosting juvenile mosquito mortality, a strategy based on mosquito-disseminated PPF has potential to substantially enhance mosquito control. Sharp declines in adult mosquito emergence can lower vector/host ratios, reducing the risk of disease outbreaks. This approach is a very promising complement to current and novel mosquito control strategies; it will probably be especially relevant for the control of urban disease vectors, such as Aedes and Culex species, that often cause large epidemics. Mosquito-transmitted diseases are among the most challenging infectious threats worldwide. Mosquito control is crucial for preventing infection and disease, particularly when effective vaccines or drugs are unavailable. A major drawback of current mosquito control strategies is that mosquito breeding sites are often overlooked, and therefore left untreated, during control campaigns. One appealing alternative proposes exploiting the innate breeding-site–finding ability of female mosquitoes to have them disseminate tiny insecticide particles that poison their offspring. Thus far, however, this idea has only been tested in small-scale trials. Here we show that mosquitoes effectively transferred insecticide particles from dissemination stations to sentinel breeding sites over distances between 3 and 400 m in a tropical urban neighborhood. This yielded high breeding-site coverage, with up to 94.3% of sentinel breeding sites presenting evidence of contamination with mosquito-disseminated insecticide. We recorded a 10-fold increase of juvenile mosquito mortality and a 10-fold decrease of adult mosquito emergence during the four-month dissemination trial. In combination with other tactics, this approach has the potential to considerably enhance mosquito-borne disease prevention, particularly in urban settings.
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影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Harris, Angela F.;Nimmo, Derric;Alphey, Luke
通讯作者：
Alphey, Luke
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Colton, YM;Chadee, DD;Severson, DW
通讯作者：
Severson, DW
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Maciel-de-Freitas, R.;Souza-Santos, R.;Lourenco-de-Oliveira, R.
通讯作者：
Lourenco-de-Oliveira, R.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
FIRTH, D
通讯作者：
FIRTH, D
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0901369106
发表时间：
2009-07-14
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Devine, Gregor J.;Zamora Perea, Elvira;Morrison, Amy C.
通讯作者：
Morrison, Amy C.