Environmental and human iodine and selenium status: lessons from Gilgit-Baltistan, North-East Pakistan.
Environmental and human iodine and selenium status: lessons from Gilgit-Baltistan, North-East Pakistan.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10653-021-00943-w
复制
发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Young SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmad S;Bailey EH;Arshad M;Ahmed S;Watts MJ;Stewart AG;Young SD
碘和硒缺乏症在世界范围内很常见。我们评估了巴基斯坦吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的碘和硒状况。我们确定了当地种植的作物（n = 281），饮用水（n = 82），尿液（n = 451）和盐（n = 76）的元素组成（ICP-MS），校正尿液分析物的水合作用（肌酐，比重）。我们估计了膳食碘、硒和盐的摄入量。作物中碘和硒的中位浓度分别为11.5（IQR 6.01，23.2）和8.81（IQR 4.03，27.6）µg/kg，水中分别为0.24（IQR 0.12，0.72）和0.27（IQR 0.11，0.46）µg/L。中位碘盐碘为4.16（IQR 2.99，10.8）mg/kg。人群平均盐摄入量为13.0克/天。人群尿碘中位数（未校正的78 µg/L，比重校正的83 µg/L）低于WHO指南;肌酐校正的中位数为114 µg/L，但不可靠。大多数人（46-90%）的每日硒摄入量（来自尿硒浓度）低于100%。所有作物中的碘和硒含量都很低，但没有与健康有关的环境标准。碘盐中的碘浓度低于世卫组织建议的最低值。估计的人口平均盐摄入量高于世卫组织建议的每日摄入量。当地可用的食物和饮用水分别提供了碘（95微克/天）和硒（45微克/天）的估计49%和72%。尽管使用碘盐，但低环境和膳食碘和硒使吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦居民面临碘缺乏病的风险。尿液分析的水化比重校正比使用肌酐更一致。需要制定与健康有关的碘和硒环境标准。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1007/s10653-021-00943-w获得。
Iodine and selenium deficiencies are common worldwide. We assessed the iodine and selenium status of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. We determined the elemental composition (ICP-MS) of locally grown crops (n = 281), drinking water (n = 82), urine (n = 451) and salt (n = 76), correcting urinary analytes for hydration (creatinine, specific gravity). We estimated dietary iodine, selenium and salt intake. Median iodine and selenium concentrations were 11.5 (IQR 6.01, 23.2) and 8.81 (IQR 4.03, 27.6) µg/kg in crops and 0.24 (IQR 0.12, 0.72) and 0.27 (IQR 0.11, 0.46) µg/L in water, respectively. Median iodised salt iodine was 4.16 (IQR 2.99, 10.8) mg/kg. Population mean salt intake was 13.0 g/day. Population median urinary iodine (uncorrected 78 µg/L, specific gravity-corrected 83 µg/L) was below WHO guidelines; creatinine-corrected median was 114 µg/L but was unreliable. Daily selenium intake (from urinary selenium concentration) was below the EAR in the majority (46–90%) of individuals. Iodine and selenium concentrations in all crops were low, but no health-related environmental standards exist. Iodine concentration in iodised salt was below WHO-recommended minimum. Estimated population average salt intake was above WHO-recommended daily intake. Locally available food and drinking water together provide an estimated 49% and 72% of EAR for iodine (95 µg/day) and selenium (45 µg/day), respectively. Low environmental and dietary iodine and selenium place Gilgit-Baltistan residents at risk of iodine deficiency disorders despite using iodised salt. Specific gravity correction of urine analysis for hydration is more consistent than using creatinine. Health-relevant environmental standards for iodine and selenium are needed. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10653-021-00943-w.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Cappuccio, Francesco P.
通讯作者：
Cappuccio, Francesco P.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Chen SL;Dahl C;Meyer HE;Madar AA
通讯作者：
Madar AA
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1972.0007
发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
CHAPMAN, JA;MAHMUD, K;GRANT, IS
通讯作者：
GRANT, IS
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
AQUARON, R;ZARROUCK, K;ARDISSONE, JP
通讯作者：
ARDISSONE, JP
影响因子：
6
作者：
Al-Ahmary, Khairia M.
通讯作者：
Al-Ahmary, Khairia M.