Static and dynamic cognitive deficits in childhood preceding adult schizophrenia: a 30-year study.
Static and dynamic cognitive deficits in childhood preceding adult schizophrenia: a 30-year study.
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040574
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发表时间：
2010-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moffitt TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reichenberg A;Caspi A;Harrington H;Houts R;Keefe RS;Murray RM;Poulton R;Moffitt TE
精神分裂症的病前认知缺陷是有据可查的，并被解释为支持神经发育病因学模型。作者研究了以下三个关于病前认知缺陷的尚未解决的问题：它们的发展过程是什么？所有病前认知缺陷都遵循相同的过程吗？病前认知缺陷是精神分裂症特有的还是其他精神疾病共有的？参与者是1972年至1973年出生于新西兰达尼丁的1,037名男性和女性的代表性队列成员。队列成员在3岁至32岁的特定时间间隔接受随访评估，保留率为96%留存率。对后来发展为精神分裂症或复发性抑郁症的儿童以及健康对照组的认知发展进行了分析和比较。患有成人精神分裂症的儿童表现出发育缺陷（即，早期出现并保持稳定的静态认知障碍）对语言和视觉知识获取、推理和概念化进行测试。此外，这些儿童表现出发育滞后（即，相对于健康对照受试者较慢的生长）在测试索引处理速度、注意力、视觉空间问题解决能力和工作记忆中。这两种发病前的认知模式在后来发展为复发性抑郁症的儿童中没有观察到。这些发现表明，精神分裂症的起源包括两个相互关联的发展过程，从儿童到青春期早期（7-13岁）。长大后会患上成人精神分裂症的儿童进入小学时，在语言推理方面遇到了困难，随着年龄的增长，他们在工作记忆、注意力和处理速度方面进一步落后于同龄人。
Premorbid cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well documented and have been interpreted as supporting a neurodevelopmental etiological model. The authors investigated the following three unresolved questions about premorbid cognitive deficits: What is their developmental course? Do all premorbid cognitive deficits follow the same course? Are premorbid cognitive deficits specific to schizophrenia or shared by other psychiatric disorders? Participants were members of a representative cohort of 1,037 males and females born between 1972 and 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand. Cohort members underwent follow-up evaluations at specific intervals from age 3 to 32 years, with a 96% retention rate. Cognitive development was analyzed and compared in children who later developed schizophrenia or recurrent depression as well as in healthy comparison subjects. Children who developed adult schizophrenia exhibited developmental deficits (i.e., static cognitive impairments that emerge early and remain stable) on tests indexing verbal and visual knowledge acquisition, reasoning, and conceptualization. In addition, these children exhibited developmental lags (i.e., growth that is slower relative to healthy comparison subjects) on tests indexing processing speed, attention, visual-spatial problem solving ability, and working memory. These two premorbid cognitive patterns were not observed in children who later developed recurrent depression. These findings suggest that the origins of schizophrenia include two interrelated developmental processes evident from childhood to early adolescence (ages 7–13 years). Children who will grow up to develop adult schizophrenia enter primary school struggling with verbal reasoning and lag further behind their peers in working memory, attention, and processing speed as they get older.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.111134598
发表时间：
2001-06-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Egan, MF;Goldberg, TE;Weinberger, DR
通讯作者：
Weinberger, DR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gale, Catharine R.;Deary, Ian J.;Batty, David
通讯作者：
Batty, David
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
David, AS;Malmberg, A;Lewis, G
通讯作者：
Lewis, G
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
KAUFMAN, AS
通讯作者：
KAUFMAN, AS
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Nuechterlein, Keith H.;Green, Michael F.;Marder, Stephen R.
通讯作者：
Marder, Stephen R.