Effects of silver nanoparticles on nitrification and associated nitrous oxide production in aquatic environments.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on nitrification and associated nitrous oxide production in aquatic environments.
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银纳米颗粒对水生环境中硝化和相关一氧化二氮产生的影响
DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1603229
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Liu C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng Y;Hou L;Liu M;Newell SE;Yin G;Yu C;Zhang H;Li X;Gao D;Gao J;Wang R;Liu C
银纳米颗粒抑制硝化作用，但增加硝化生物产生一氧化二氮。银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）是全球基于纳米技术的消费品中最常见的材料。由于银纳米粒子的广泛应用，其潜在的环境影响是目前高度关注的热点问题。硝化作用是氮循环中最容易受到AgNPs影响的过程之一，但AgNPs对水生环境中硝化作用的具体影响还不清楚。我们报告的影响，银纳米粒子的硝化作用和相关的一氧化二氮（N2 O）的生产在河口沉积物。AgNP抑制硝化速率，随着AgNP浓度的增加呈指数下降。硝化细菌N2 O生产对AgNPs的反应表现出低剂量的刺激（10-，30-和100-nm AgNPs分别<534，1476和2473 μg L-1）和高剂量的抑制（兴奋效应）。与对照相比，在低剂量的AgNPs下，N2 O的产生可以增加>100%。这一结果得到了元转录组研究的证实，显示在低剂量治疗中一氧化氮还原酶（norQ）基因表达上调。同位素分析表明，羟胺氧化是N2 O产生的主要途径，低剂量AgNPs处理后，羟胺氧化对N2 O排放的贡献增强。这项研究强调了AgNPs对硝化活性影响的分子基础，并表明AgNPs释放到环境中应加以控制，因为它们干扰硝化群落并刺激N2 O排放。
Silver nanoparticles inhibit nitrification but enhance nitrous oxide production by nitrifying organisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most common materials in nanotechnology-based consumer products globally. Because of the wide application of AgNPs, their potential environmental impact is currently a highly topical focus of concern. Nitrification is one of the processes in the nitrogen cycle most susceptible to AgNPs but the specific effects of AgNPs on nitrification in aquatic environments are not well understood. We report the influence of AgNPs on nitrification and associated nitrous oxide (N2O) production in estuarine sediments. AgNPs inhibited nitrification rates, which decreased exponentially with increasing AgNP concentrations. The response of nitrifier N2O production to AgNPs exhibited low-dose stimulation (<534, 1476, and 2473 μg liter−1 for 10-, 30-, and 100-nm AgNPs, respectively) and high-dose inhibition (hormesis effect). Compared with controls, N2O production could be enhanced by >100% at low doses of AgNPs. This result was confirmed by metatranscriptome studies showing up-regulation of nitric oxide reductase (norQ) gene expression in the low-dose treatment. Isotopomer analysis revealed that hydroxylamine oxidation was the main N2O production pathway, and its contribution to N2O emission was enhanced when exposed to low-dose AgNPs. This study highlights the molecular underpinnings of the effects of AgNPs on nitrification activity and demonstrates that the release of AgNPs into the environment should be controlled because they interfere with nitrifying communities and stimulate N2O emission.
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