Experimental evaluation of biological regeneration of arable soil: The effects of grass-clover leys and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants on wheat growth, yield, and shoot pathology.
Experimental evaluation of biological regeneration of arable soil: The effects of grass-clover leys and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants on wheat growth, yield, and shoot pathology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.955985
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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在过去的25年里，英国的小麦产量一直处于停滞状态，在此期间，大多数耕地都是每年连续种植，以谷物为主的短轮作。耕地集约化已经耗尽了土壤有机质和生物，包括菌根，而菌根受到耕作、除草剂和作物基因型的影响。在这里，我们测试了冬小麦产量、菌根化和地上部健康是否可以通过采用较少的集约化耕作和在长期耕地中添加商业菌根接种剂来改善，或者如果在直接耕作后进行3年草三叶草播种对减少氮肥的土壤的生物再生更有效。我们报道了来自Avalon x Cadenza冬小麦群体的亲本和四个双单倍体品系在分成重复处理小区的长期耕地上进行的菌核化、穗病理和产量表现的试验。这些地块包括使用耕作或圆盘栽培种植3年的小麦品系，其中一半接受每年添加商业丛枝菌根(AM)接种的小麦品系，与使用草甘膦处理和直接钻孔的3年修剪的草三叶草地块相比。所有地块每年接受35公斤不含杀菌剂的N ha−1化肥。小麦品系在菌根定植方面没有差异，在翻耕和圆盘栽培小区中，菌根平均只占根长的34%和40%，并随着接种而减少。在LE中，RLC增加到52%。两个小麦品系对炭疽病非常敏感，在大麦中最低，在圆盘栽培中最高。在感病品系中，接种AM可使耳部侵染减少50%。在莱茵地区，产量从7.2t ha−1到8.3t ha−1不等，达到2018年英国平均小麦产量(7.8t ha−1)的92%到106%，但只使用平均氮肥的25%。翻耕和圆盘栽培的平均产量分别为3.9t ha−1和3.4tha−1，而接种AM菌剂使耕作小区的产量从4.3tha−1降至3.5tha−1，没有圆盘栽培的效果。这些发现揭示了将富含豆类的Ley重新整合到可耕作轮作中的多种好处，这是再生土壤质量和小麦作物健康、减少对氮肥的依赖、增强菌丝化和获得良好产量的战略的一部分。
Wheat yields have plateaued in the UK over the last 25 years, during which time most arable land has been annually cropped continuously with short rotations dominated by cereals. Arable intensification has depleted soil organic matter and biology, including mycorrhizas, which are affected by tillage, herbicides, and crop genotype. Here, we test whether winter wheat yields, mycorrhization, and shoot health can be improved simply by adopting less intensive tillage and adding commercial mycorrhizal inoculum to long-term arable fields, or if 3-year grass-clover leys followed direct drilling is more effective for biological regeneration of soil with reduced N fertiliser. We report a trial of mycorrhization, ear pathology, and yield performance of the parents and four double haploid lines from the Avalon x Cadenza winter wheat population in a long-term arable field that is divided into replicated treatment plots. These plots comprised wheat lines grown using ploughing or disc cultivation for 3 years, half of which received annual additions of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum, compared to 3-year mown grass-clover ley plots treated with glyphosate and direct-drilled. All plots annually received 35 kg of N ha−1 fertiliser without fungicides. The wheat lines did not differ in mycorrhization, which averaged only 34% and 40% of root length colonised (RLC) in the ploughed and disc-cultivated plots, respectively, and decreased with inoculation. In the ley, RLC increased to 52%. Two wheat lines were very susceptible to a sooty ear mould, which was lowest in the ley, and highest with disc cultivation. AM inoculation reduced ear infections by >50% in the susceptible lines. In the ley, yields ranged from 7.2 to 8.3 t ha−1, achieving 92 to 106% of UK average wheat yield in 2018 (7.8 t ha−1) but using only 25% of average N fertiliser. Yields with ploughing and disc cultivation averaged only 3.9 and 3.4 t ha−1, respectively, with AM inoculum reducing yields from 4.3 to 3.5 t ha−1 in ploughed plots, with no effect of disc cultivation. The findings reveal multiple benefits of reintegrating legume-rich leys into arable rotations as part of a strategy to regenerate soil quality and wheat crop health, reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilisers, enhance mycorrhization, and achieve good yields.
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影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Allen AM;Winfield MO;Burridge AJ;Downie RC;Benbow HR;Barker GL;Wilkinson PA;Coghill J;Waterfall C;Davassi A;Scopes G;Pirani A;Webster T;Brew F;Bloor C;Griffiths S;Bentley AR;Alda M;Jack P;Phillips AL;Edwards KJ
通讯作者：
Edwards KJ
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cruz AF;Ishii T
通讯作者：
Ishii T
影响因子：
2
作者：
Behn, O.
通讯作者：
Behn, O.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Castellanos-Morales, Vilma;Keiser, Cornelia;Vierheilig, Horst
通讯作者：
Vierheilig, Horst
影响因子：
20.5
作者：
Cameron, Duncan D.;Neal, Andrew L.;van Wees, Saskia C. M.;Ton, Jurriaan
通讯作者：
Ton, Jurriaan