Effects of acute administration of nicotine, amphetamine, diazepam, morphine, and ethanol on risky decision-making in rats.
Effects of acute administration of nicotine, amphetamine, diazepam, morphine, and ethanol on risky decision-making in rats.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2363-8
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发表时间：
2011-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Setlow, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell, Marci R.;Vokes, Colin M.;Blankenship, Amy L.;Simon, Nicholas W.;Setlow, Barry
大多数个体能够准确评估与各种选择相关的风险和回报，并据此做出决策；然而，吸毒者往往表现出适应不良的决策能力，他们的选择偏向于风险过高的选项。
本研究的目的是调查一系列滥用药物对风险决策的影响。
将雄性长 - 埃文斯大鼠在风险决策任务中进行训练，在该任务中，它们在两个杠杆之间做出选择，一个杠杆会产生少量的“安全”食物奖励，另一个杠杆会产生大量的“风险”食物奖励。大额奖励伴随着轻度足部电击的风险，且在每次测试过程中电击的概率会增加（0%、25%、50%、75%和100%）。
尼古丁（0.6毫克/千克）和安非他命（1.5毫克/千克）导致对大额风险奖励的选择显著减少（冒险行为减少）。地西泮（1.0毫克/千克）导致对大额风险奖励的选择显著增加（冒险行为增加），而吗啡（3.0毫克/千克）仅导致对大额风险奖励选择增加的一种趋势。乙醇对选择行为没有影响。
这些结果表明，滥用药物的急性给药能够以药物特异性的方式调节冒险行为，要么增加要么减少对高回报但有风险的选项的偏好。
Most individuals can accurately assess the risks and rewards associated with choice alternatives and decide accordingly; however, drug users often display maladaptive decision-making, such that choices are biased toward excessively risky options. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a range of drugs of abuse on risky decision-making. Male Long–Evans rats were trained in the Risky Decision-Making Task, in which they chose between two levers, one which produced a small, “safe” food reward and the other which produced a large, “risky” food reward. The large reward was accompanied by the risk of a mild footshock, the probability of which increased over the course of each test session (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Nicotine (0.6 mg/kg) and amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in choice of the large risky reward (decreased risk taking). Diazepam (1.0 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in choice of the large risky reward (increased risk taking), whereas morphine (3.0 mg/kg) caused only a trend toward increased choice of the large risky reward. Ethanol had no effect on choice behavior. These results show that acute administration of drugs of abuse can modulate risk taking in a drug-specific manner, either increasing or decreasing preference for highly rewarding, but risky, options.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Evenden, JL
通讯作者：
Evenden, JL
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Drechsler, R.;Rizzo, P.;Steinhausen, H. -C.
通讯作者：
Steinhausen, H. -C.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
LERNER, T;FELDON, J;MYSLOBODSKY, MS
通讯作者：
MYSLOBODSKY, MS
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kieres, AK;Hausknecht, KA;Richards, JB
通讯作者：
Richards, JB
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Balodis, IM;MacDonald, TK;Olmstead, MC
通讯作者：
Olmstead, MC