Sex difference in alcoholism: who is at a greater risk for development of alcoholic complication?
Sex difference in alcoholism: who is at a greater risk for development of alcoholic complication?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lfs.2010.06.002
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发表时间：
2010-07-31
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ren, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ceylan-Isik, Ashli F.;McBride, Shawna M.;Ren, Jun
酗酒和酗酒是困扰男性和女性的主要医疗问题。虽然男性的酗酒患病率较高，但女性遭受与酗酒相关的身体损害的风险要大得多。尽管与男性相比，女性的饮酒量通常较少，但女性在酗酒或长期酗酒后通常会遭受更严重的大脑和其他器官损伤。主要方法和主要发现：尽管许多生物学（即遗传风险和神经异常）和心理社会（即积极饮酒预期的影响、人格特征和越轨倾向）因素似乎对男性和女性的影响相同。这些因素，特别是社会和环境、生理、遗传和神经生物学因素已被证明会导致对酒精摄入反应的性别差异，以及酒精并发症的发生。许多神经递质和生长因子可能部分涉及男性和女性之间的这些差异。中脑边缘多巴胺系统与成瘾行为的发展有关。两性之间的多巴胺受体密度存在差异，性腺类固醇激素可能发挥作用。抑制性 GABA 能系统和刺激性谷氨酸能系统也充当大脑中的神经调节剂，并且已确定男性和女性之间的特定受体存在差异（特别是 GABAA 受体和 NMDA 受体）。鉴于导致酒精摄入反应性别差异的因素有多种，酒精中毒治疗应考虑性别二态性。此外，未来的研究需要更好地了解酒精对男性和女性的作用机制。
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are among the major medical problems afflicting both men and women. While men display a higher prevalence for alcoholism, it is women who suffer a much greater risk for alcoholism-associated bodily damage. Although women generally consume less alcohol compared to men, females usually suffer more severe brain and other organ damage following binge or chronic alcohol abuse. Main methods and key findings: Although many biological (i.e., genetic risk and neurological abnormalities) and psychosocial (i.e., impact of positive drinking expectancies, personality characteristics and deviance proneness) factors appear to impact men and women equally. These factors especially social and environmental, physiological, genetic and neurobiological ones have been demonstrated to contribute to the sex difference in response to alcohol intake, as well as the development of alcoholic complications. A number of neurotransmitters and growth factors may be partially involved in these differences between men and women. The mesolimbic dopamine system is implicated in the development of addictive behaviors. Differences in dopamine receptor density are found between sexes where gonadal steroid hormones may play a role. Inhibitory GABAergic and stimulatory glutamatergic systems also act as neuromodulators in the brain and differences in their specific receptors have been identified between men and women (particularly GABAA receptors and NMDA receptors). Given the variety of factors contributing to the sex difference in response to alcohol intake, alcoholism treatment should take sex dimorphism into consideration. Furthermore, future research needs to be directed towards a better understanding of the mechanism of action of alcohol in both men and women.
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影响因子：
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