Genetic structure and demographic history should inform conservation: Chinese cobras currently treated as homogenous show population divergence.
Genetic structure and demographic history should inform conservation: Chinese cobras currently treated as homogenous show population divergence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0036334
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ji X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin LH;Qu YF;Li H;Zhou KY;Ji X
了解种群结构和遗传多样性对于野生动物保护和确定野生动物种群的完整性至关重要。中华眼镜蛇（Naja atra）分布于长江口至越南北方和老挝北部，其分布区内的几个大型山脉和水体可能影响其种群结构。我们结合12个微卫星位点和线粒体细胞色素B基因的1117 bp，探讨在这个物种的遗传结构和人口统计学的历史，使用269个来自中国大陆和越南各地的个人。线粒体DNA和微卫星都发现了高水平的遗传变异。线粒体DNA数据揭示了两个主要的（越南+中国南部+中国西南部;东部+中国东南部）和一个次要的（仅包括来自最西端站点的两个个体）分支。微卫星数据将中国东部+东南部分支进一步划分为两个遗传簇，分别包括来自东部和东南部地区的个体。罗霄和南岭可能是影响谱系多样性的重要屏障。在细胞色素B的单倍型网络中，许多单倍型在一个“星星”簇内表示，这种和其他测试表明最近的扩展。然而，微卫星分析并没有产生强有力的证据，最近的瓶颈，任何人口或遗传集群。这里确定的三个主要集群应被视为保护目的的独立管理单位。除非能确定中国眼镜蛇的来源，否则应停止将它们放归野外，这将避免非自然同质化所带来的问题。
An understanding of population structure and genetic diversity is crucial for wildlife conservation and for determining the integrity of wildlife populations. The vulnerable Chinese cobra (Naja atra) has a distribution from the mouth of the Yangtze River down to northern Vietnam and Laos, within which several large mountain ranges and water bodies may influence population structure. We combined 12 microsatellite loci and 1117 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to explore genetic structure and demographic history in this species, using 269 individuals from various localities in Mainland China and Vietnam. High levels of genetic variation were identified for both mtDNA and microsatellites. mtDNA data revealed two main (Vietnam + southern China + southwestern China; eastern + southeastern China) and one minor (comprising only two individuals from the westernmost site) clades. Microsatellite data divided the eastern + southeastern China clade further into two genetic clusters, which include individuals from the eastern and southeastern regions, respectively. The Luoxiao and Nanling Mountains may be important barriers affecting the diversification of lineages. In the haplotype network of cytchrome b, many haplotypes were represented within a “star” cluster and this and other tests suggest recent expansion. However, microsatellite analyses did not yield strong evidence for a recent bottleneck for any population or genetic cluster. The three main clusters identified here should be considered as independent management units for conservation purposes. The release of Chinese cobras into the wild should cease unless their origin can be determined, and this will avoid problems arising from unnatural homogenization.
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