Training-induced compensation versus magnification of individual differences in memory performance.

Training-induced compensation versus magnification of individual differences in memory performance.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00141
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Lindenberger U
Lindenberger U
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lövdén M;Brehmer Y;Li SC;Lindenberger U

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与任务相关的认知资源水平较高的人是从培训中获得更多,还是获得更少?对于情节记忆,经验证据是混杂的。在这里,我们通过将结构方程模型应用于108名年龄在9-12岁、20-25岁和65-78岁的参与者的数据来重新讨论这个问题,该模型用于捕捉个体变化的差异。参与者学习并练习了一种基于图像的助记法,以根据位置线索编码和提取单词。最初的助记指令缩小了人与人之间的记忆表现差异,而指导后的进一步练习则放大了人与人之间的差异。我们的结论是,策略指令弥补了最初能力较差的人的低效加工。相比之下,持续的练习通过揭示记忆可塑性的个体差异,放大了基于能力的人与人之间的差异。
Do individuals with higher levels of task-relevant cognitive resources gain more from training, or do they gain less? For episodic memory, empirical evidence is mixed. Here, we revisit this issue by applying structural equation models for capturing individual differences in change to data from 108 participants aged 9–12, 20–25, and 65–78 years. Participants learned and practiced an imagery-based mnemonic to encode and retrieve words by location cues. Initial mnemonic instructions reduced between-person differences in memory performance, whereas further practice after instruction magnified between-person differences. We conclude that strategy instruction compensates for inefficient processing among the initially less able. In contrast, continued practice magnifies ability-based between-person differences by uncovering individual differences in memory plasticity.
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