Imaging white matter in human brainstem.
Imaging white matter in human brainstem.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00400
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fitzgerald DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ford AA;Colon-Perez L;Triplett WT;Gullett JM;Mareci TH;Fitzgerald DB
人类脑干对于控制许多维持生命的功能至关重要，例如意识，呼吸，睡眠以及大脑和脊髓之间的感觉和运动信息的传递。我们对脑干内白色和灰质的结构和组织的了解大多来自离体解剖和组织学研究。然而，这些方法不能应用于研究活体人类参与者的结构体系。弥散加权磁共振成像（MRI）的纤维束成像可以提供有关活体脑干内白色组织的有价值的见解。然而，由于敏感性伪影、功能密集的解剖结构以及脉动和呼吸运动，该方法在体内提出了技术挑战。为了研究磁共振纤维束成像的局限性，我们提出了在11.1 T下使用0.333，1和2 mm的各向同性分辨率对完整切除的人脑干进行高角分辨率扩散成像的结果，后者反映了目前临床上使用的分辨率。在最高分辨率下，脑干的致密纤维结构是明显的，但结构的清晰度随着分辨率的降低而降低。特别是，推断的皮质桥脑/皮质脊髓束（CPT/CST），上级（SCP）和中小脑脚（MCP），内侧丘系（ML）的途径是清楚可辨的，并遵循已知的解剖轨迹在最高的空间分辨率。在较低的分辨率下，CST/CPT、SCP和MCP途径被人为放大，这是由于包含了这三种途径所不固有的共线和交叉纤维。推断的ML路径在较低分辨率下显得较小，表明空间信息不足以成功解析较小的纤维路径。我们的研究结果表明，白色物质纤维束成像地图来自切除的脑干可以用来指导研究的脑干结构，在体内使用扩散MRI。
The human brainstem is critical for the control of many life-sustaining functions, such as consciousness, respiration, sleep, and transfer of sensory and motor information between the brain and the spinal cord. Most of our knowledge about structure and organization of white and gray matter within the brainstem is derived from ex vivo dissection and histology studies. However, these methods cannot be applied to study structural architecture in live human participants. Tractography from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide valuable insights about white matter organization within the brainstem in vivo. However, this method presents technical challenges in vivo due to susceptibility artifacts, functionally dense anatomy, as well as pulsatile and respiratory motion. To investigate the limits of MR tractography, we present results from high angular resolution diffusion imaging of an intact excised human brainstem performed at 11.1 T using isotropic resolution of 0.333, 1, and 2 mm, with the latter reflecting resolution currently used clinically. At the highest resolution, the dense fiber architecture of the brainstem is evident, but the definition of structures degrades as resolution decreases. In particular, the inferred corticopontine/corticospinal tracts (CPT/CST), superior (SCP) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and medial lemniscus (ML) pathways are clearly discernable and follow known anatomical trajectories at the highest spatial resolution. At lower resolutions, the CST/CPT, SCP, and MCP pathways are artificially enlarged due to inclusion of collinear and crossing fibers not inherent to these three pathways. The inferred ML pathways appear smaller at lower resolutions, indicating insufficient spatial information to successfully resolve smaller fiber pathways. Our results suggest that white matter tractography maps derived from the excised brainstem can be used to guide the study of the brainstem architecture using diffusion MRI in vivo.
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