Repetition suppression: a means to index neural representations using BOLD?

Repetition suppression: a means to index neural representations using BOLD?
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2015.0355
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发表时间:
2016-10-05
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Behrens TE
Behrens TE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barron HC;Garvert MM;Behrens TE

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了解人类大脑如何产生复杂的认知过程仍然是当代神经科学的最大挑战之一。虽然动物模型中的侵入性记录可以提供对跨物种保守的神经过程的洞察,但我们对认知的理解更广泛地依赖于对人类大脑本身的研究。因此,有必要建立非侵入性的工具,使人类大脑活动,以高空间和时间分辨率进行测量。近年来,已经进行了各种尝试来细化功能磁共振成像(fMRI)中可用的粗信号,提供了一种手段来研究在中尺度上的神经活动,即在神经群体的水平。最广泛使用的技术包括重复抑制和多变量模式分析。人类神经科学现在可以使用这些技术来研究表征如何在神经群体中编码并通过相关计算进行转换。在这里,我们回顾了功能磁共振重复抑制的生理基础,应用和局限性,并与多变量技术进行了简要比较。通过这样做,我们展示了fMRI重复抑制如何有望作为一种工具来揭示人类认知功能的复杂神经机制。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分“解释大胆:认知和细胞神经科学之间的对话”。
Understanding how the human brain gives rise to complex cognitive processes remains one of the biggest challenges of contemporary neuroscience. While invasive recording in animal models can provide insight into neural processes that are conserved across species, our understanding of cognition more broadly relies upon investigation of the human brain itself. There is therefore an imperative to establish non-invasive tools that allow human brain activity to be measured at high spatial and temporal resolution. In recent years, various attempts have been made to refine the coarse signal available in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), providing a means to investigate neural activity at the meso-scale, i.e. at the level of neural populations. The most widely used techniques include repetition suppression and multivariate pattern analysis. Human neuroscience can now use these techniques to investigate how representations are encoded across neural populations and transformed by relevant computations. Here, we review the physiological basis, applications and limitations of fMRI repetition suppression with a brief comparison to multivariate techniques. By doing so, we show how fMRI repetition suppression holds promise as a tool to reveal complex neural mechanisms that underlie human cognitive function. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience’.
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