Evolution, Chance, and Aging.

Evolution, Chance, and Aging.
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DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2021.733184
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Rogina B
Rogina B
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frankel S;Rogina B

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衰老对进化理论提出了富有成效的挑战,进化理论也加深了我们对衰老的理解。关于死亡率调节,现在有大量的遗传和分子数据,关于不同物种的生活史的知识也越来越多。将所有相关数据纳入老龄化演变的框架有望显着推进该领域。我们提出了一些关键概念的扩展,以提供更高的精度时,将这些概念应用到年龄结构的上下文中。突变的次级或副产品效应被认为是影响生存模式的一个重要因素,包括可能在受遗传漂变影响的小群体中发挥作用的效应,扩大了突变积累和多效性的可能性。分子和遗传学研究表明,多种机制可以改变衰老和死亡率,而转录组数据表明,受衰老影响的基因具有高水平的组织和物种特异性。在不同的生物体中,导致衰老模式的机制和基因效应的多样性可能反映了衰老背后复杂的进化过程。
Aging has provided fruitful challenges for evolutionary theory, and evolutionary theory has deepened our understanding of aging. A great deal of genetic and molecular data now exists concerning mortality regulation and there is a growing body of knowledge concerning the life histories of diverse species. Assimilating all relevant data into a framework for the evolution of aging promises to significantly advance the field. We propose extensions of some key concepts to provide greater precision when applying these concepts to age-structured contexts. Secondary or byproduct effects of mutations are proposed as an important factor affecting survival patterns, including effects that may operate in small populations subject to genetic drift, widening the possibilities for mutation accumulation and pleiotropy. Molecular and genetic studies have indicated a diverse array of mechanisms that can modify aging and mortality rates, while transcriptome data indicate a high level of tissue and species specificity for genes affected by aging. The diversity of mechanisms and gene effects that can contribute to the pattern of aging in different organisms may mirror the complex evolutionary processes behind aging.
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