Nutritional status and diet as predictors of children's lead concentrations in blood and urine.
Nutritional status and diet as predictors of children's lead concentrations in blood and urine.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.013
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Queirolo EI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kordas K;Burganowski R;Roy A;Peregalli F;Baccino V;Barcia E;Mangieri S;Ocampo V;Mañay N;Martínez G;Vahter M;Queirolo EI
铅暴露仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。受污染的食物可能是铅暴露的来源，而某些营养素可能会减少铅的吸收。我们研究了乌拉圭蒙得维的亚儿童（5-8 岁）的饮食模式以及几种营养素和食物的摄入量与血液 (Pb-B) 和尿 (Pb-U) 铅浓度的横截面关联。根据护理人员完成的两次 24 小时回忆，我们得出了特定营养素和食物组（乳制品、牛奶、水果、根类蔬菜、富含血红素和非血红素铁的食物）的平均每日摄入量，以及“营养密集”和“加工”食物模式。 Pb-B（n=315）采用原子吸收光谱法测定；使用 ICP-MS 分析 Pb-U (n=321)。 Pb-U 根据比重进行调整，并进行对数转换以近似正态分布。在协变量调整回归中，测试了缺铁 (ID) 和饮食变量作为 Pb-B 和 log-Pb-U 的预测因子。 [5%、95%] Pb-B 和 Pb-U 中位数分别为 3.8 [0.8 – 7.8] μg/dL 和 1.9 [0.6 – 5.1] μg/L；约 25% 的 Pb-B 高于当前美国 CDC 参考浓度 5 μg/dL。与非 ID 相比，ID 与 Pb-B 升高 0.75 μg/dL 相关（p<0.05）。根类蔬菜的消费与 Pb-B 或 log-Pb-U 无关。营养密度模式的较高得分与较高的 Pb-B 相关，这可能是由于食用绿叶蔬菜所致。铁或富含铁的食物的膳食摄入量与铅的生物标志物无关。相反，摄入较多钙、乳制品、牛奶和酸奶的儿童的 Pb-B 和 log-Pb-U 较低。我们的研究结果似乎与现有的建议一致，即在铅暴露儿童的饮食中加入富含钙但不富含铁或维生素C的食物，特别是在这些食物的消费量较低的情况下。
Lead exposure remains an important public health problem. Contaminated foods may act as a source of lead exposure, while certain nutrients may reduce lead absorption. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns and the intake of several nutrients and foods with blood (Pb-B) and urinary (Pb-U) lead concentrations in children (5–8 y) from Montevideo, Uruguay. From two 24-hour recalls completed by caregivers, we derived the mean daily intake of select nutrients and food groups (dairy, milk, fruit, root vegetables, foods rich in heme and non-heme iron), as well as “nutrient dense” and “processed” food patterns. Pb-B (n=315) was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry; Pb-U (n=321) using ICP-MS. Pb-U was adjusted for specific gravity and log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. Iron deficiency (ID) and dietary variables were tested as predictors of Pb-B and log-Pb-U in covariate-adjusted regressions. Median [5%, 95%] Pb-B and Pb-U were 3.8 [0.8 – 7.8] μg/dL and 1.9 [0.6 – 5.1] μg/L, respectively; ~25% of Pb-B above current U.S. CDC reference concentration of 5 μg/dL. ID was associated with 0.75 μg/dL higher Pb-B, compared to non-ID (p<0.05). Consumption of root vegetables was not associated with Pb-B or log-Pb-U. Higher scores on the nutrient-dense pattern were related with higher Pb-Bs, possibly due to consumption of green leafy vegetables. Dietary intake of iron or iron-rich foods was not associated with biomarkers of lead. Conversely, children consuming more calcium, dairy, milk and yogurt had lower Pb-B and log-Pb-U. Our findings appear consistent with existing recommendations on including calcium-rich, but not iron- or vitamin-C-rich foods in the diets of lead-exposed children, especially where the consumption of these foods is low.
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低级砷暴露：一年级乌拉圭儿童的营养和饮食预测因子。
影响因子：
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作者：
Kordas K;Queirolo EI;Mañay N;Peregalli F;Hsiao PY;Lu Y;Vahter M
通讯作者：
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