Irrelevant stimulus processing in ADHD: catecholamine dynamics and attentional networks.
Irrelevant stimulus processing in ADHD: catecholamine dynamics and attentional networks.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00183
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Carrasco X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aboitiz F;Ossandón T;Zamorano F;Palma B;Carrasco X
注意力缺陷和多动障碍（ADHD）的主要症状是一般注意力分散，其中儿童和成人将注意力转移到与正在进行的行为无关的刺激上。这被归因于调节目标导向行为的皮质-纹状体网络中多巴胺能信号传导的缺陷。此外，最近的成像证据表明，大规模的，对抗性的大脑网络，通常有助于注意力的参与和脱离，如任务积极网络和默认模式网络（DMN）的损害。相关的网络是参与注意转移的腹侧注意网络（货车）和与任务期望相关的突显网络（SN）。在这里，我们讨论了紧张性阶段的动力学的儿茶酚胺能信号在大脑中，并试图提供一个链接，这与大规模的皮质网络的活动，调节行为。更具体地说，我们建议，在任务执行过程中的紧张性儿茶酚胺水平的不平衡产生的相位信号和增加的货车的兴奋性的强调，产生分心症状。同样，SN的不成熟可能与异常紧张性信号和在任务执行期间建立适当的执行系统的能力有关。我们讨论了不同的证据，包括药理学，脑成像和电生理学，这是与我们的建议一致。最后，恢复儿茶酚胺能信号的药效学似乎对缓解ADHD症状至关重要;然而，探索认知康复策略以自上而下调节网络动力学来补偿药理学缺陷的可能性是开放的。
A cardinal symptom of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a general distractibility where children and adults shift their attentional focus to stimuli that are irrelevant to the ongoing behavior. This has been attributed to a deficit in dopaminergic signaling in cortico-striatal networks that regulate goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, recent imaging evidence points to an impairment of large scale, antagonistic brain networks that normally contribute to attentional engagement and disengagement, such as the task-positive networks and the default mode network (DMN). Related networks are the ventral attentional network (VAN) involved in attentional shifting, and the salience network (SN) related to task expectancy. Here we discuss the tonic–phasic dynamics of catecholaminergic signaling in the brain, and attempt to provide a link between this and the activities of the large-scale cortical networks that regulate behavior. More specifically, we propose that a disbalance of tonic catecholamine levels during task performance produces an emphasis of phasic signaling and increased excitability of the VAN, yielding distractibility symptoms. Likewise, immaturity of the SN may relate to abnormal tonic signaling and an incapacity to build up a proper executive system during task performance. We discuss different lines of evidence including pharmacology, brain imaging and electrophysiology, that are consistent with our proposal. Finally, restoring the pharmacodynamics of catecholaminergic signaling seems crucial to alleviate ADHD symptoms; however, the possibility is open to explore cognitive rehabilitation strategies to top-down modulate network dynamics compensating the pharmacological deficits.
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影响因子：
11.3
作者：
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