Autonomous Vehicles: Disengagements, Accidents and Reaction Times.
Autonomous Vehicles: Disengagements, Accidents and Reaction Times.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0168054
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nair DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixit VV;Chand S;Nair DJ
人们对自动驾驶汽车提高安全性和驾驶体验的能力持怀疑态度。自动驾驶在其发展阶段的一个关键问题是它还不可靠和安全。当自动驾驶失败或受到限制时，自动驾驶模式将脱离，驾驶员将恢复手动驾驶。为了安全地进行这种过渡，驾驶员必须以适当和及时的方式做出反应。最近从加州试验中发布的数据为当前影响自主模式脱离的因素提供了令人信服的见解。在这里，我们表明，观察到的事故数量与自主行驶里程有很高的相关性。发现在脱离的情况下控制车辆的反应时间在不同公司之间具有稳定的分布，平均为0.83秒。然而，根据脱离类型、道路类型和自主行驶里程，观察到反应时间存在差异。由于暴露于自动脱离接触而导致的缺乏信任被发现增加了手动控制车辆的可能性。此外，随着车辆行驶里程的增加，发现反应时间增加，这表明随着车辆行驶里程的增加，信任程度增加。我们相信，这项研究将为保险公司、规划人员、交通管理官员和工程师提供有关信任和反应时间的基本见解，帮助他们设计和设计系统。
Autonomous vehicles are being viewed with scepticism in their ability to improve safety and the driving experience. A critical issue with automated driving at this stage of its development is that it is not yet reliable and safe. When automated driving fails, or is limited, the autonomous mode disengages and the drivers are expected to resume manual driving. For this transition to occur safely, it is imperative that drivers react in an appropriate and timely manner. Recent data released from the California trials provide compelling insights into the current factors influencing disengagements of autonomous mode. Here we show that the number of accidents observed has a significantly high correlation with the autonomous miles travelled. The reaction times to take control of the vehicle in the event of a disengagement was found to have a stable distribution across different companies at 0.83 seconds on average. However, there were differences observed in reaction times based on the type of disengagements, type of roadway and autonomous miles travelled. Lack of trust caused by the exposure to automated disengagements was found to increase the likelihood to take control of the vehicle manually. Further, with increased vehicle miles travelled the reaction times were found to increase, which suggests an increased level of trust with more vehicle miles travelled. We believe that this research would provide insurers, planners, traffic management officials and engineers fundamental insights into trust and reaction times that would help them design and engineer their systems.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Shladover, Steven E.;Su, Dongyan;Lu, Xiao-Yun
通讯作者：
Lu, Xiao-Yun
DOI：
10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.009
发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.003
发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
6.4
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通讯作者：
Kockelman, Kara
DOI：
10.1016/j.trf.2014.09.005
发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Merat, Natasha;Jamson, A. Hamish;Carsten, Oliver M. J.
通讯作者：
Carsten, Oliver M. J.