Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model.

Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-29731-5
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发表时间:
2022-04-19
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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功能失调的免疫反应对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的进展至关重要,巨噬细胞是参与的主要细胞类型之一。迫切需要了解许可细胞,巨噬细胞和SARS-CoV-2病毒之间的相互作用,从而为有效的治疗策略提供重要的见解。在这里,我们建立了一个肺和巨噬细胞共培养系统,来自人类多能干细胞(hPSC),模拟宿主-病原体相互作用的SARS冠状病毒-2感染。我们发现经典极化的巨噬细胞(M1)和交替极化的巨噬细胞(M2)对SARS-CoV-2感染都有抑制作用。然而,M1和非活化(M0)巨噬细胞,但不是M2巨噬细胞,显着上调炎症因子后病毒感染。此外,M1巨噬细胞抑制肺细胞的生长并促进细胞凋亡。使用ACE 2阻断抗体抑制病毒进入可显著增强M2巨噬细胞的活性。我们的研究表明,不同巨噬细胞表型中存在不同的免疫反应模式,这可能导致一系列COVID-19疾病的严重程度。研究SARS-CoV-2感染的模型系统需要更好地理解免疫反应。在这里,作者使用肺和巨噬细胞共培养系统,通过分化人多能干细胞,以更好地了解宿主肺细胞和巨噬细胞的表型和基因表达的变化后,SARS-CoV-2体外感染。
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), with macrophages as one of the main cell types involved. It is urgent to understand the interactions among permissive cells, macrophages, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), modeling the host-pathogen interaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that both classically polarized macrophages (M1) and alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) have inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, M1 and non-activated (M0) macrophages, but not M2 macrophages, significantly up-regulate inflammatory factors upon viral infection. Moreover, M1 macrophages suppress the growth and enhance apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibition of viral entry using an ACE2 blocking antibody substantially enhances the activity of M2 macrophages. Our studies indicate differential immune response patterns in distinct macrophage phenotypes, which could lead to a range of COVID-19 disease severity. Model systems to study SARS-CoV-2 infection are required to better understand the immune response. Here the authors use a lung and macrophage co-culture system by differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to better understand the phenotype and gene expression changes in host lung cells and macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
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