Probabilistic risk assessment of insecticide concentrations in agricultural surface waters: a critical appraisal
Probabilistic risk assessment of insecticide concentrations in agricultural surface waters: a critical appraisal
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农业地表水中杀虫剂浓度的概率风险评估：批判性评估
DOI：
10.1007/s10661-012-3026-x
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Schulz R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stehle S;Knäbel A;Schulz R
由于农业杀虫剂的具体作用模式和使用模式，农业地表水的杀虫剂暴露具有罕见和短期的杀虫剂浓度峰值，具有很高的生态毒理学相关性，这对监测和风险评估都有影响。在这里，我们将几种固定间隔策略和基于事件的采样策略应用于基于蒙特卡罗模拟的焦点曝光建模得到的典型农业溪流的两种概括性和两种真实的杀虫剂暴露模式。定期抽样被发现不足以检测瞬时杀虫剂浓度，而事件触发抽样以大大降低的分析成本成功地检测了所有暴露事件。我们的研究证明，目前形式的概率风险评估(PRA)概念不适合于对杀虫剂暴露的彻底评估。尽管声称PRA方法使用所有可用的数据来评估暴露，并增强了风险评估的现实性，但我们证明，这一概念因杀虫剂浓度低于检测限值而严重偏差，因此受到抽样设计的影响。此外，实际接触杀虫剂与PRA阈值水平、超标频率和由此产生的风险评估结果几乎没有相关性。因此，我们提出了一个概念，以农业杀虫剂地表水暴露的田间相关生态风险分析为特色。我们的研究首次量化了用于评估杀虫剂等短期峰值地表水污染物的不适当监测和风险评估概念的环境和经济后果。
Due to the specific modes of action and application patterns of agricultural insecticides, the insecticide exposure of agricultural surface waters is characterized by infrequent and short-term insecticide concentration peaks of high ecotoxicological relevance with implications for both monitoring and risk assessment. Here, we apply several fixed-interval strategies and an event-based sampling strategy to two generalized and two realistic insecticide exposure patterns for typical agricultural streams derived from FOCUS exposure modeling using Monte Carlo simulations. Sampling based on regular intervals was found to be inadequate for the detection of transient insecticide concentrations, whereas event-triggered sampling successfully detected all exposure incidences at substantially lower analytical costs. Our study proves that probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) concepts in their present forms are not appropriate for a thorough evaluation of insecticide exposure. Despite claims that the PRA approach uses all available data to assess exposure and enhances risk assessment realism, we demonstrate that this concept is severely biased by the amount of insecticide concentrations below detection limits and therefore by the sampling designs. Moreover, actual insecticide exposure is of almost no relevance for PRA threshold level exceedance frequencies and consequential risk assessment outcomes. Therefore, we propose a concept that features a field-relevant ecological risk analysis of agricultural insecticide surface water exposure. Our study quantifies for the first time the environmental and economic consequences of inappropriate monitoring and risk assessment concepts used for the evaluation of short-term peak surface water pollutants such as insecticides.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
P. Wilson;J. F. Foos
通讯作者：
P. Wilson;J. F. Foos
基于预先储存在聚合物滤芯中的样品，然后进行在线固相萃取-液相色谱-二极管阵列检测和大气压化学电离质谱确认，对河水中的农药进行监测
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Aguilar;I. Ferrer;F. Borrull;R. M. Marcé;D. Barceló
通讯作者：
D. Barceló
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Harmel;K. King;R. M. Slade
通讯作者：
R. M. Slade
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
M. Moore;R. Schulz;Charles M. Cooper;Sammie Smith;J. Rodgers
通讯作者：
M. Moore;R. Schulz;Charles M. Cooper;Sammie Smith;J. Rodgers
改进欧盟化学品风险评估中的不确定性分析
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
F. Verdonck;A. Souren;M. V. van Asselt;P. V. Van Sprang;P. Vanrolleghem
通讯作者：
P. Vanrolleghem