Exploring the ‘new worlds’ of (late?) retirement in Europe

Exploring the ‘new worlds’ of (late?) retirement in Europe
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探索欧洲(晚?​​)退休的“新世界”

DOI:
10.1080/21699763.2013.836979
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hofäcker
Hofäcker
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hofäcker

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在长期提倡提前退休之后,欧洲社会最近开始实施旨在促进更长的工作寿命的各种改革。然而,老年工人就业的跨国差异仍然存在,因为体制路径依赖、社会经济气候和持久的退休文化使所有国家都无法在相同程度上实施改革。在我们的论文中,我们提供了支持或阻碍欧洲国家老年工人就业的国家具体背景的最新国际概述。为此,我们使用了影响老年工人就业机会和退休决定的劳动力市场、养老金和福利政策的信息。在之前的研究基础上,我们将这些“结构性”指标与欧洲调查数据(Eurobarometer,欧洲社会调查)中选择的“文化”证据进行了对比,这些数据反映了与退休相关的态度、观念和偏好的最新趋势。现有的数据涵盖了不同寻常的广泛地理范围,包括西欧和东欧社会。利用这些数据,我们进行了层次聚类分析,以确定具体类型的“退休制度”。最后,我们将这些“退休新世界”与早期文献提出的“早”与“晚”退出制度的区分联系起来,以确定欧洲逐渐向晚退休过渡的先行者和落后者。
After a long period of promoting early retirement, European societies have recently started to implement various reforms aimed at fostering a longer working life. Yet cross-national variations in older workers' employment remain, as institutional path dependency, socio-economic climate and persistent retirement culture have not allowed all countries to implement reforms to the same degree. In our paper, we provide an up-to-date international overview of country-specific contexts that support or hinder the employment of older workers in European countries. To this end, we use information on labour market, pension, and welfare policies that affect older workers' employment opportunities and retirement decisions. Adding to previous research, we contrast these “structural” indicators with selected “cultural” evidence from the European Survey data (Eurobarometer, European Social Survey) reflecting recent trends in retirement-related attitudes, perceptions and preferences. The available data allow for an unusually broad geographical scope, encompassing both Western European and Eastern European societies. Using these data, we perform a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify the specific types of “retirement regimes”. Finally, we relate these “new worlds of retirement” to the differentiation of “early” versus “late” exit regimes suggested by earlier literature to identify the forerunners and laggards in the gradual transition towards later retirement in Europe.
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