The effect of urbanization on innovation in spotted hyenas
The effect of urbanization on innovation in spotted hyenas
复制标题
城市化对斑鬣狗创新的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-021-01494-4
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson-Ulrich, Lily;Yirga, Gidey;Strong, Robyn L.;Holekamp, Kay E.
城市化代表了许多现存动物栖息的景观中进化新奇的一种戏剧性形式。认知缓冲假说表明，创新，即动物解决新问题或使用新行为的过程，可能是许多动物适应新环境的关键。如果创新在城市环境中特别有益，那么我们预计城市动物会比非城市动物更具创新性。然而，比较城市和农村栖息地之间创新解决问题的研究产生了好坏参半的结果。在这里，我们假设这些发现只是比较了两个城市化水平的结果，当时相关研究表明，城市栖息地的入侵阶段可能对创新需求有很大影响，在一个新环境中的早期建立阶段，需求最高。为了验证这一假设，我们评估了斑点鬣狗经历不同程度城市化的三个地点的创新。与其他食肉动物相比，斑点鬣狗是相对创新的，尽管非洲许多大型食肉动物濒临灭绝，但斑点鬣狗在保护区内外仍然大量存在。我们用一个有四个不同门的多通道益智盒子来衡量创新，鬣狗可以通过它获得食物奖励。我们预测，与乡村或完全城市栖息地的鬣狗相比，处于过渡、快速城市化栖息地的鬣狗，以打开的独特门的数量衡量，将更具创新性。与我们的预测相反，乡村栖息地的鬣狗是最具创新性的。这些结果挑战了这样的观点，即与城市化相关的进化新颖性有利于更大的创新。
Urbanization represents a dramatic form of evolutionary novelty in the landscapes inhabited by many extant animals. The Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis suggests that innovation, the process by which animals solve novel problems or use novel behaviors, may be key for many animals when adapting to novel environments. If innovation is especially beneficial in urban environments, then we would expect urban animals to be more innovative than their non-urban counterparts. However, studies comparing innovative problem-solving between urban and rural habitats have produced mixed results. Here, we hypothesized that these findings result from comparing only two levels of urbanization when related research suggests that the stage of invasion of urban habitats likely has a strong effect on demand for innovation, with demand being highest during early establishment in a novel environment. To test this hypothesis, we assessed innovation in three locations where spotted hyenas experienced varying degrees of urbanization. Spotted hyenas are relatively innovative compared to other carnivores and, although many large carnivores in Africa are endangered, spotted hyenas remain abundant both inside and outside protected areas. We measured innovation with a multi-access puzzle box with four different doors through which hyenas could obtain a food reward. We predicted that hyenas in a transitional, rapidly urbanizing habitat would be more innovative, measured by the number of unique doors opened, than those in rural or fully urban habitats. Contrary to our predictions, hyenas in the rural habitat were the most innovative. These results challenge the idea that the evolutionary novelty associated with urbanization favors greater innovativeness.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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