Risk‐taking in free‐living spotted hyenas is associated with anthropogenic disturbance, predicts survivorship, and is consistent across experimental contexts
Risk‐taking in free‐living spotted hyenas is associated with anthropogenic disturbance, predicts survivorship, and is consistent across experimental contexts
复制标题
自由生活的斑鬣狗的冒险行为与人为干扰有关，可以预测生存率，并且在不同的实验环境中都是一致的
DOI：
10.1111/eth.12964
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ebensperger, ed., Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turner, Julie W.;LaFleur, Rebecca M.;Richardson, Allie T.;Holekamp, Kay E.;Ebensperger, ed., Luis
人为干扰会对野生动物的适应性和行为产生重要影响，包括它们在暴露于危险环境时的大胆性。我们展示了来自两个种群的斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta），每个种群都暴露在不同程度的人类活动中，一个真人大小的模型鬣狗代表来自另一个部落的入侵者。高干扰种群居住在人类住区附近，低干扰种群居住在肯尼亚同一国家公园相对未受干扰的部分。模拟入侵者被呈现给个体鬣狗，以评估它们对外来鬣狗的反应，并确定它们的反应是否随暴露于人类活动而变化。我们发现，人类干扰确实与鬣狗对模型入侵者的冒险行为有关。在低干扰区域测试的鬣狗表现出更多的冒险行为，它们更接近模拟入侵者，并在其附近花费更多的时间，而不是生活在高干扰区域的同类。无论干扰水平如何，在模型附近花费较少时间的鬣狗比在模型附近花费更多时间的鬣狗具有更高的生存率。此外，此处测量的风险承担的个体差异与先前使用不同实验操作组从相同动物获得的个体差异一致。然而，实验诱导的行为与接近狮子时自然发生的冒险行为并不一致;这表明冒险行为在实验环境中是一致的，但暴露于狮子会引起不同的反应。虽然我们的研究结果是一致的，从早期的测试中的人为干扰和大胆的斑点鬣狗和其他捕食者，他们从鸟类和小型哺乳动物，这通常被发现是大胆的，在人为干扰的特点。
Anthropogenic disturbance can have important influences on the fitness and behaviors of wild animals, including their boldness when exposed to risky conditions. We presented spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) from two populations, each exposed to a different level of human activity, with a life‐size model hyena representing an intruder from another clan. The high‐disturbance population lived adjacent to human settlements, and the low‐disturbance population inhabited a relatively undisturbed part of the same national park in Kenya. The mock intruder was presented to individual hyenas to assess their reactions to an alien hyena, and to determine whether their reactions varied with their exposure to anthropogenic activity. We found that human disturbance was indeed associated with hyena risk‐taking behavior in response to the model intruder. Hyenas tested in the low‐disturbance area exhibited more risk‐taking behaviors by approaching the mock intruder more closely, and spending more time near it, than did their counterparts living in high‐disturbance areas. Hyenas that spent less time in close proximity to the model had greater survivorship than those that spent more time in close proximity to it, regardless of disturbance level. Furthermore, the individual differences in risk‐taking measured here were consistent with those obtained previously from the same animals using a different set of experimental manipulations. However, the experimentally induced behaviors were not consistent with naturally occurring risk‐taking behaviors in proximity to lions; this suggests that risk‐taking behaviors are consistent within individuals across experimental contexts, but that exposure to lions elicits different responses. Although our results are consistent with those from earlier tests of anthropogenic disturbance and boldness in spotted hyenas and other predators, they differ from results obtained from birds and small mammals, which are generally found to be bolder in areas characterized by human disturbance.
登录
查看更多内容
雄性和雌性斑鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）之间的关联模式反映了雄性的择偶选择
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
M. Szykman;A. Engh;R. V. Van Horn;S. Funk;K. Scribner;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
雌性斑鬣狗的等级和繁殖。
DOI：
10.1530/jrf.0.1080229
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of reproduction and fertility
影响因子：
--
作者：
K. Holekamp;L. Smale;M. Szykman
通讯作者：
M. Szykman
东部食蚊鱼（Gambusia holbrooki）的胆量与繁殖能力相关
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alexander D. M. Wilson;J. Godin;A. Ward
通讯作者：
A. Ward
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Kolowski;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Guenther, A.;Finkemeier, M. -A.;Trillmich, F.
通讯作者：
Trillmich, F.