Return of the Righting Reflex Does Not Portend Recovery of Cognitive Function in Anesthetized Rats.
Return of the Righting Reflex Does Not Portend Recovery of Cognitive Function in Anesthetized Rats.
复制标题
麻醉大鼠的翻正反射恢复并不预示着认知功能的恢复。
DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2021.762096
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Solt K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vincent KF;Zhang ER;Kato R;Cho A;Moody OA;Solt K
随着全球接受全身麻醉的人数增加，了解麻醉后意识和认知如何恢复变得越来越重要。在啮齿类动物中，意识水平传统上由生理反应如翻正反射（RORR）的恢复来捕获。然而，跟踪认知功能的恢复相对困难。在这里，我们使用操作性条件反射任务，5-选择系列反应时间任务（5-CSRTT），以测量持续的注意力，工作记忆，抑制控制在雄性和雌性大鼠，因为他们从几种不同的临床麻醉剂的影响恢复。在5-CSRTT中，大鼠学习注意五个窗口的触摸屏以呈现刺激。老鼠在限定时间内选择正确的窗口，就可以得到食物颗粒作为奖励。在每次会议期间，我们都跟踪了正确（准确性）和遗漏（遗漏）响应的比例。在RORR后，评估异氟烷（2%，持续1 h）、七氟烷（3%，持续20 min）、丙泊酚（10 mg/kg，静脉推注）、氯胺酮（50 mg/kg，静脉输注10 min）和右美托咪定（20和35 μg/kg，静脉输注10 min）给药后长达3 h的认知恢复轨迹。当大鼠的最后五次反应中有四次是正确的时，它们被归类为恢复了准确性表现，当它们错过了最后五次试验中的一次或更少时，它们被归类为恢复了低遗漏表现。在异氟烷、七氟烷和丙泊酚麻醉后，大多数（63-88%）大鼠在RORR后1小时内恢复了准确性和低遗漏性能。氯胺酮给药后，大多数（63%）大鼠的准确性性能在2小时内恢复，但仅少数（32%）大鼠的低遗漏性能在3小时内恢复。最后，在给予高剂量或低剂量右美托咪定后，很少有大鼠（25-32%）在3小时内恢复准确性能，甚至更少（0-13%）恢复低遗漏性能。不管麻醉剂，RORR潜伏期与5-CSRTT性能无关，这表明不能从意识水平的变化推断神经认知功能的恢复。这些结果表明，操作性条件反射任务可以用来评估不同麻醉方案后神经认知功能的实时恢复。
As the number of individuals undergoing general anesthesia rises globally, it becomes increasingly important to understand how consciousness and cognition are restored after anesthesia. In rodents, levels of consciousness are traditionally captured by physiological responses such as the return of righting reflex (RORR). However, tracking the recovery of cognitive function is comparatively difficult. Here we use an operant conditioning task, the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), to measure sustained attention, working memory, and inhibitory control in male and female rats as they recover from the effects of several different clinical anesthetics. In the 5-CSRTT, rats learn to attend to a five-windowed touchscreen for the presentation of a stimulus. Rats are rewarded with food pellets for selecting the correct window within the time limit. During each session we tracked both the proportion of correct (accuracy) and missed (omissions) responses over time. Cognitive recovery trajectories were assessed after isoflurane (2% for 1 h), sevoflurane (3% for 20 min), propofol (10 mg/kg I.V. bolus), ketamine (50 mg/kg I.V. infusion over 10 min), and dexmedetomidine (20 and 35 μg/kg I.V. infusions over 10 min) for up to 3 h following RORR. Rats were classified as having recovered accuracy performance when four of their last five responses were correct, and as having recovered low omission performance when they missed one or fewer of their last five trials. Following isoflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol anesthesia, the majority (63–88%) of rats recovered both accuracy and low omission performance within an hour of RORR. Following ketamine, accuracy performance recovers within 2 h in most (63%) rats, but low omission performance recovers in only a minority (32%) of rats within 3 h. Finally, following either high or low doses of dexmedetomidine, few rats (25–32%) recover accuracy performance, and even fewer (0–13%) recover low omission performance within 3 h. Regardless of the anesthetic, RORR latency is not correlated with 5-CSRTT performance, which suggests that recovery of neurocognitive function cannot be inferred from changes in levels of consciousness. These results demonstrate how operant conditioning tasks can be used to assess real-time recovery of neurocognitive function following different anesthetic regimens.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Kelz, Max B.;Garcia, Paul S.;Solt, Ken
通讯作者：
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作者：
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