Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants: temporal variability and correlations with house dust concentrations.
Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants: temporal variability and correlations with house dust concentrations.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1205907
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hauser R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meeker JD;Cooper EM;Stapleton HM;Hauser R
背景资料：由于人类健康问题而减少多溴联苯醚的使用可能会导致有机磷酸盐阻燃剂的使用和人类接触的增加。缺乏对OPFR的人体接触和健康研究。目的：我们试图定义尿OPFR代谢物的时间变异程度，以告知流行病学研究设计，并通过检查室内灰尘中OPFR与尿液中代谢物之间的关系，探索潜在的主要暴露源。研究方法：在3个月的过程中，从7名男性中收集了9份重复的尿液样本，并分别分析了双（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸盐（BDCPP）和磷酸二苯酯（DPP），OPFR三（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸盐（TDCPP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPP）的代谢物。计算组内相关系数（ICC）来表征时间可靠性。从45名男性中收集了成对的房屋灰尘和尿液样本。结果：BDCPP阳性率为91%，DPP阳性率为96%。尿BDCPP显示出中等至强的时间可靠性（ICC范围，0.55-0.72）。DPP的ICC较低，但中等可靠（范围，0.35-0.51）。尿BDCPP和室内灰尘中TDCPP浓度之间存在弱相关性[斯皮尔曼r（rS）= 0.31]，但存在显著相关性（p = 0.03），排除未检出（rS = 0.47）后，相关性增强。未经校正的DPP与室内灰尘中测得的TPP之间无相关性（rS < 0.1）。结论：家庭灰尘可能是TDCPP的重要暴露源，但不是TPP。在3个月内，BDCPP和DPP的尿液浓度在个体内具有中度至高度可靠性。
Background: A reduction in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) because of human health concerns may result in an increased use of and human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Human exposure and health studies of OPFRs are lacking. Objectives: We sought to define the degree of temporal variability in urinary OPFR metabolites in order to inform epidemiologic study design, and to explore a potential primary source of exposure by examining the relationship between OPFRs in house dust and their metabolites in urine. Methods: Nine repeated urine samples were collected from 7 men over the course of 3 months and analyzed for bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP), metabolites of the OPFRs tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to characterize temporal reliability. Paired house dust and urine samples were collected from 45 men. Results: BDCPP was detected in 91% of urine samples, and DPP in 96%. Urinary BDCPP showed moderate-to-strong temporal reliability (ICC range, 0.55–0.72). ICCs for DPP were lower, but moderately reliable (range, 0.35–0.51). There was a weak [Spearman r (rS) = 0.31] but significant (p = 0.03) correlation between urinary BDCPP and TDCPP concentrations in house dust that strengthened when nondetects (rS = 0.47) were excluded. There was no correlation between uncorrected DPP and TPP measured in house dust (rS < 0.1). Conclusions: Household dust may be an important source of exposure to TDCPP but not TPP. Urinary concentrations of BDCPP and DPP were moderately to highly reliable within individuals over 3 months.
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