Circulating Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Status and Responses to Exercise.
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Status and Responses to Exercise.
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DOI：
10.31083/j.rcm2312396
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发表时间：
2022-12-02
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sen, Sabyasachi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gollie, Jared M.;Sen, Sabyasachi
关键词：
非传染性慢性疾病，如肥胖、心血管疾病（CVD）和2型糖尿病（T2 D），在全球范围内构成了重大的健康挑战。近年来，在了解非传染性疾病的病理生理机制和治疗方面取得了重要进展。缺乏体力活动是许多非传染性疾病的主要原因，包括代谢综合征，T2 D，CVD和肥胖症。某些糖尿病药物和非药物干预，如体力活动和锻炼，已被证明可有效降低与心脏病，中风，肥胖，糖尿病前期和T2 D相关的CVD风险。测量和分析循环成体干细胞（ASC）的能力已经获得了特别的兴趣，因为它们具有识别风险个体和各种治疗方法的潜力。因此，本综述的目的是（1）概述ASC;特别是内皮祖细胞（EPCs）和间充质基质细胞（MSC），（2）描述这些细胞对急性和慢性运动的反应，（3）强调运动对衰老和疾病中EPCs和MSC的潜在影响。内皮祖细胞是循环细胞，在外周血、骨髓和脐带中大量存在，并由细胞表面标志物如CD 34+定义。内皮祖细胞在血管生成和新生血管形成中发挥重要作用，并参与心血管疾病的治疗。MSC对于维持组织和器官的稳态是必不可少的。MSC被定义为多能异质细胞，其可以在体外作为塑料粘附细胞增殖，具有成纤维细胞样形态，在体外形成集落，并且可以分化成成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成软骨细胞和成肌细胞。在衰老和疾病的存在下，EPCs和MSC的数量和功能能力下降。重要的是，运动促进骨髓中EPC的分化和产生，也有助于促进迁移和归巢到缺氧和受损的组织，从而改善血管生成和血管生成。同样，运动刺激MSC的增殖和迁移活性增加。尽管运动对EPC和MSC的数量和功能有好处，但关于衰老和临床人群的最佳运动处方知之甚少。此外，药物和运动对EPCs和MSC之间的相互作用目前尚不清楚。ASC作为生物标志物的使用有可能彻底改变患有各种代谢和肥胖相关疾病以及促炎性疾病的患者的管理。迫切需要对临床实体进行进一步调查，以了解干预措施（如运动，饮食和各种药物）对衰老和临床人群中EPC和MSC数量和功能的影响。
Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), pose significant health challenges globally. Important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiologal mechanisms and treatment of noncommunicable diseases in recent years. Lack of physical activity is a primary contributor to many noncommunicable diseases including metabolic syndrome, T2D, CVD, and obesity. Certain diabetes medications and non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as physical activity and exercise, are shown to be effective in decreasing the CVD risks associated with heart disease, stroke, obesity, prediabetes, and T2D. The ability to measure and analyze circulating adult stem cells (ASCs) has gained particular interest due to their potential to identify at-risk individuals and implications in various therapeutics. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to (1) provide an overview of ASCs; specifically endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), (2) describe the responses of these cells to acute and chronic exercise, and (3) highlight the potential effect of exercise on EPCs and MSCs in aging and disease. EPCs are circulating cells, abundantly available in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and umbilical cord, and are defined by cell surface markers such as CD34+. EPCs are expected to play an important role in angiogenesis and neovascularization and have been implicated in the treatment of CVD. MSCs are essential for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. MSCs are defined as multipotent heterogeneous cells that can proliferate in vitro as plastic-adherent cells, have fibroblast-like morphology, form colonies in vitro, and can differentiate into ostyeoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts, and myoblasts. In the presence of aging and disease, EPCs and MSCs decrease in quantity and functional capacity. Importantly, exercise facilitates EPC differentiation and production from bone marrow and also helps to promote migration and homing to the hypoxic and damaged tissue which in turn improve angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Similarly, exercise stimulates increases in proliferation and migratory activity of MSCs. Despite the reported benefits of exercise on EPC and MSC number and function, little is known regarding the optimal exercise prescription for aging and clinical populations. Moreover, the interactions between medications and exercise on EPCs and MSCs is currently unclear. Use of ASCs as a biomarker have the potential to revolutionize the management of patients with a variety of metabolic and obesity related disorders and also pro-inflammatory diseases. Further investigation of clinical entities are urgently needed to understand the implications of interventions such as exercise, diet, and various medications on EPC and MSC quantity and function in aging and clinical populations.
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