Airway remodeling in asthma amplifies heterogeneities in smooth muscle shortening causing hyperresponsiveness.

Airway remodeling in asthma amplifies heterogeneities in smooth muscle shortening causing hyperresponsiveness.
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哮喘中的气道重塑放大了平滑肌缩短的异质性,导致高反应性。

DOI:
10.1152/jappl.1999.86.6.2001
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发表时间:
1999
期刊:
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lutchen,KR
Lutchen,KR
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gillis,HL;Lutchen,KR

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尽管哮喘的气道重塑和炎症可以放大单个气道的收缩反应,但它们对整个气道网络结构变化的影响尚不清楚。我们提出了一个形态学模型的人肺,包括横截面壁面积对应的外膜,气道平滑肌(ASM),粘膜的健康和轻度和重度哮喘的气道和实质栓系的影响。施加异质ASM缩短百分比刺激,导致健康和哮喘气道的不同收缩模式。我们计算肺阻力和弹性从0.1到5赫兹。我们发现,对于一个给定的ASM刺激,在哮喘受试者的壁面积的分布将放大不仅是平均值,但在肺外周收缩的异质性。此外,在健康肺中仅产生轻微变化的异质性ASM缩短可在哮喘肺中在典型呼吸速率下引起肺阻力和弹性的高反应性变化,即使气道阻力增加相对较小。这种情况出现时,气道关闭随机发生在肺周边。我们认为,异质性是哮喘高反应性的一个重要决定因素,急性哮喘更多的是广泛的气道壁炎症和重塑的结果,易使肺产生急性模式的异质性收缩。
Although airway remodeling and inflamation in asthma can amplify the constriction response of a single airway, their influence on the structural changes in the whole airway network is unknown. We present a morphometric model of the human lung that incorporates cross-sectional wall areas corresponding to the adventitia, airway smooth muscle (ASM), and mucosa for healthy and mildly and severely asthmatic airways and the influence of parenchymal tethering. A heterogeneous ASM percent shortening stimulus is imposed, causing distinct constriction patterns for healthy and asthmatic airways. We calculate lung resistance and elastance from 0.1 to 5 Hz. We show that, for a given ASM stimulus, the distribution of wall area in asthmatic subjects will amplify not only the mean but the heterogeneity of constriction in the lung periphery. Moreover, heterogeneous ASM shortening that would produce only mild changes in the healthy lung can cause hyperresponsive changes in lung resistance and elastance at typical breathing rates in the asthmatic lung, even with relatively small increases in airway resistance. This condition arises when airway closures occur randomly in the lung periphery. We suggest that heterogeneity is a crucial determinant of hyperresponsiveness in asthma and that acute asthma is more a consequence of extensive airway wall inflamation and remodeling, predisposing the lung to produce an acute pattern of heterogeneous constriction.
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