Effects of experimental Unemployment, Employment and Punishment analogs on opioid seeking and consumption in heroin-dependent volunteers.
Effects of experimental Unemployment, Employment and Punishment analogs on opioid seeking and consumption in heroin-dependent volunteers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.020
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Greenwald, Mark K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwald, Mark K.
关键词：
本研究调查了在失业（仅药物：HYD 和无金钱替代方案）、就业（药物或金钱：HYD 和 4 美元替代方案）和惩罚（仅药物 + 金钱损失：仅 HYD 和每个 HYD 选择减去 4 美元）的实验模拟中，氢吗啡酮 (HYD) 选择和行为经济需求的差异程度，在预期的高与低疗程后药物可用性（HYD 24 毫克与 24 毫克）的背景下。安慰剂）。 11 名海洛因依赖、丁丙诺啡稳定（8 毫克/天）的志愿者首先采样了两种 HYD 剂量（以随机、平衡的顺序肌注 0 和 24 毫克，标记为药物 A [第 1 阶段] 和药物 B [第 2 阶段]）。在最后 6 次会议中，志愿者接受 12 项试验选择渐进比例 (PR) 任务，并可以努力接受 HYD 单位剂量（每次 2 毫克）；工作结束后，通过推注注射获得的累积剂量单位。在 PR 任务之前，志愿者被告知在 PR 相关注射后 3 小时可用哪种 HYD 剂量（药物 A 或 B）。相对于失业（仅吸毒），就业（吸毒或金钱）和惩罚（仅吸毒 + 金钱损失）均显着抑制 HYD 寻求（例如，断点）。就业和惩罚也减少了 HYD 行为经济需求，但通过不同的机制：就业增加了 HYD 价格弹性，而惩罚则降低了 HYD 需求强度。调整初始水平差异（即标准化需求）后，与惩罚或失业相比，就业显着降低了 Pmax（即 HYD 的“基本值”较低）和 Omax（最大 HYD 响应）。这些效果并没有因治疗后药物的可用性而显着改变。
This study investigated the extent to which hydromorphone (HYD) choice and behavioral economic demand differed during experimental analogs of Unemployment (Drug Only: HYD and no money alternative), Employment (Drug or Money: HYD and $4 alternative), and Punishment (Drug Only + Money Loss: HYD only and $4 subtracted for each HYD choice), in the context of anticipated high vs. low post-session drug availability (HYD 24 mg vs. placebo). Eleven heroin-dependent, buprenorphine-stabilized (8-mg/day) volunteers first sampled two HYD doses (0 and 24 mg IM in randomized, counterbalanced order, labeled Drug A [session 1] and Drug B [session 2]). In each of the final six sessions, volunteers were given access to a 12-trial choice progressive ratio (PR) task and could work to receive HYD unit doses (2 mg each); cumulative dose units earned were administered in a bolus injection after the work session. Before the PR task, volunteers were told which HYD dose (Drug A or B) would be available 3 hr after the PR-contingent injection. Relative to Unemployment (Drug Only), Employment (Drug or Money) and Punishment (Drug Only + Money Loss) each significantly suppressed HYD seeking (e.g., breakpoints). Employment and Punishment also reduced HYD behavioral economic demand, but via different mechanisms: Employment increased HYD price-elasticity, whereas Punishment decreased HYD demand intensity. Adjusting for the initial level difference (i.e., normalized demand), Employment significantly decreased Pmax (i.e., lower “essential value” of HYD) and Omax (maximum HYD responding) compared to Punishment or Unemployment. These effects were not significantly altered by post-session drug availability.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Christensen, Chesley J.;Silberberg, Alan;Hursh, Steven R.;Roma, Peter G.;Riley, Anthony L.
通讯作者：
Riley, Anthony L.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Chopra, Mohit P.;Landes, Reid D.;Bickel, Warren K.
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Khlat, M;Sermet, C;Le Pape, A
通讯作者：
Le Pape, A
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
BICKEL, WK;DEGRANDPRE, RJ;HIGGINS, ST
通讯作者：
HIGGINS, ST
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hser, YI;Stark, ME;Rawson, R
通讯作者：
Rawson, R