A brief history of choline.

A brief history of choline.
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DOI:
10.1159/000343120
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Zeisel SH
Zeisel SH
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zeisel SH

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1850年,在巴黎工作的西奥多·戈布莱描述了一种物质“卵磷脂”,他以希腊语“lekithos”(蛋黄)命名。Adolph Strecker在1862年指出,当加热胆汁中的卵磷脂时,它会产生一种新的含氮化学物质,他将其命名为“胆碱”。三年后,Oscar Liebreich在大脑中发现了一种新的物质“神经碱”。经过一段时间的混乱,神经碱和胆碱被发现是同一种分子,胆碱的名字被改编。卵磷脂最终在化学上被鉴定为磷脂酰胆碱。1954年,尤金肯尼迪描述了胞苷5-二磷酸胆碱途径,胆碱通过该途径被掺入磷脂酰胆碱。第二条途径是磷脂酰乙醇胺-N-甲基转移酶途径,由乔恩·布雷默和大卫·格林伯格在1960年发现。胆碱作为神经递质乙酰胆碱的一部分的作用是由奥托·洛伊和亨利·戴尔确立的。20世纪30年代,在多伦多大学工作的查尔斯·贝斯特(Charles Best)证明胆碱可以预防狗和大鼠的脂肪肝。胆碱作为人类健康的必需营养素的重要性是在20世纪90年代通过人类控制喂养研究确定的。最近,对遗传变异在确定人们对胆碱的饮食需求方面的作用的理解正在解开。
In 1850, Theodore Gobley, working in Paris, described a substance “lecithine”, which he named after the Greek “lekithos” for egg yolk. Adolph Strecker noted in 1862 that when lecithin from bile was heated, it generated a new nitrogenous chemical that he named “choline”. Three years later, Oscar Liebreich identified a new substance, “neurine”, in the brain. After a period of confusion, neurine and choline were found to be the same molecule, and the name choline was adapted. Lecithin was eventually characterized chemically as being phosphatidylcholine. In 1954, Eugene Kennedy described the cytidine 5-dihphosphocholine pathway by which choline is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. A second route, the phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase pathway, was identified by Jon Bremer and David Greenberg in 1960. The role of choline as part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine was established by Otto Loewi and Henry Dale. Working in the 1930s at the University of Toronto, Charles Best showed that choline prevented fatty liver in dogs and rats. The importance of choline as an essential nutrient for human health was determined in the 1990s through controlled feeding studies in humans. Recently, an understanding of the role of genetic variation in setting the dietary requirement for choline in people is being unraveled.
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/64.4.572
发表时间: 1996-10-01
影响因子: 7.1
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期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
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