Statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in English rivers.
Statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in English rivers.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0800197
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Tyler C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jobling S;Burn RW;Thorpe K;Williams R;Tyler C
一些污水处理厂下游普遍出现雌雄鱼，这引起了生态学家和公共卫生专业人员的极大兴趣。这种担忧源于这样一种观点，即在人类身上观察到的影响是相似的，这两种现象都是由接触干扰生殖发育的混合污染物引起的。然而，“野生动物与人类之间的联系”的证据并不充分：在人类男性身上出现的睾丸发育不全综合症，最容易在啮齿动物模型中通过接触抗雄激素化学物质的混合物而复制。相比之下，对野生雄鱼雌性化的公认解释是，这主要是由于接触了主要来自人类排泄物的类固醇雌激素。我们试图进一步探索这一假说，即鱼的内分泌干扰是多原因的，是由于接触具有雌激素和抗雄激素特性的化学品的混合物造成的。我们使用分级、广义线性和广义加性统计模型来探索30条英国河流中雌激素和抗雄激素化学物质的模拟浓度和活性与生活在这些河流中的野生鱼类的雌性化反应之间的关联。除了雌激素类物质外，几乎所有经过处理的污水中都含有抗雄激素活性。此外，模型的结果表明，野生鱼类的雌性化效应可以最好地模拟为它们预测的同时接触抗雄激素和雌激素或仅接触抗雄激素的函数。这些结果为英国河流中野生鱼类普遍雌性化的多原因病因学提供了强有力的论据，涉及类固醇雌激素和异种雌激素以及其他具有抗雄激素特性的污染物。这些结果可能进一步支持这样一种假设，即在野生鱼类和人类身上看到的内分泌干扰效应是由类似的内分泌干扰化学鸡尾酒组合引起的。
The widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some wastewater treatment works has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. This concern stems from the view that the effects observed have a parallel in humans, and that both phenomena are caused by exposure to mixtures of contaminants that interfere with reproductive development. The evidence for a “wildlife–human connection” is, however, weak: Testicular dysgenesis syndrome, seen in human males, is most easily reproduced in rodent models by exposure to mixtures of antiandrogenic chemicals. In contrast, the accepted explanation for feminization of wild male fish is that it results mainly from exposure to steroidal estrogens originating primarily from human excretion. We sought to further explore the hypothesis that endocrine disruption in fish is multicausal, resulting from exposure to mixtures of chemicals with both estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties. We used hierarchical generalized linear and generalized additive statistical modeling to explore the associations between modeled concentrations and activities of estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals in 30 U.K. rivers and feminized responses seen in wild fish living in these rivers. In addition to the estrogenic substances, antiandrogenic activity was prevalent in almost all treated sewage effluents tested. Further, the results of the modeling demonstrated that feminizing effects in wild fish could be best modeled as a function of their predicted exposure to both antiandrogens and estrogens or to antiandrogens alone. The results provide a strong argument for a multicausal etiology of widespread feminization of wild fish in U.K. rivers involving contributions from both steroidal estrogens and xenoestrogens and from other (as yet unknown) contaminants with antiandrogenic properties. These results may add further credence to the hypothesis that endocrine-disrupting effects seen in wild fish and in humans are caused by similar combinations of endocrine-disrupting chemical cocktails.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Jobling S;Williams R;Johnson A;Taylor A;Gross-Sorokin M;Nolan M;Tyler CR;van Aerle R;Santos E;Brighty G
通讯作者：
Brighty G
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Sharpe, Richard M;Skakkebaek, Niels E
通讯作者：
Skakkebaek, Niels E
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Kiparissis, Y;Metcalfe, TL;Metcalf, CD
通讯作者：
Metcalf, CD
影响因子：
2
作者：
Nolan, M;Jobling, S;Tyler, CR
通讯作者：
Tyler, CR
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Rodgers-Gray, TP;Jobling, S;Tyler, CR
通讯作者：
Tyler, CR