Predicted exposures to steroid estrogens in U.K. rivers correlate with widespread sexual disruption in wild fish populations.
Predicted exposures to steroid estrogens in U.K. rivers correlate with widespread sexual disruption in wild fish populations.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.8050
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发表时间：
2006-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Brighty G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jobling S;Williams R;Johnson A;Taylor A;Gross-Sorokin M;Nolan M;Tyler CR;van Aerle R;Santos E;Brighty G
类固醇雌激素，主要来源于人类排泄物，可能发挥重要作用，造成广泛的内分泌干扰的野生种群的蟑螂（Rutilus rutilus），一种常见的鲤科鱼类，在河流中的污水处理废水污染。鉴于这一问题的严重程度，需要建立风险评估模型，以预测河流集水区内分泌干扰的位置和严重程度，并确定需要对污水排放进行管制以清除这些污染物的地区。在这项研究中，我们试图将英国河流中蟑螂内分泌干扰的程度与它们预计接触来自人类的类固醇雌激素的程度相关联。通过将每个污水流出物中单个类固醇雌激素[17β -雌二醇（E2）、雌酮（E1）和17α -炔雌醇（EE 2）]的模拟浓度与其在直接接收水中的预测稀释度相结合，确定每个河流站点类固醇雌激素暴露的预测。该模型被应用到45个网站的39条河流在整个英国。每个网站的研究，然后被归类为高，中，或低的“风险”的基础上，假设的三个类固醇雌激素的效力计算从发表的研究数据在各种鲤科鱼类。我们从预测的高，中，低风险河流站点采样了1,438只野生蟑螂，并检查了它们的内分泌干扰的证据和严重程度。野生蟑螂间性的发生率和严重程度与天然雌激素（E1和E2）和合成避孕药雌激素（EE 2）的预测浓度显著相关。然而，预测的类固醇雌激素暴露与血浆卵黄蛋白原浓度测定在同一条鱼。此外，我们发现在蟑螂中测量的任何终点与进入我们研究的河流的工业废水比例之间没有相关性。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了进一步的和实质性的证据来支持这一假设，即类固醇雌激素在英国河流中的野生淡水鱼中起着重要作用，并清楚地表明，这些内分泌干扰作用的位置和严重程度是可以预测的。
Steroidal estrogens, originating principally from human excretion, are likely to play a major role in causing widespread endocrine disruption in wild populations of the roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common cyprinid fish, in rivers contaminated by treated sewage effluents. Given the extent of this problem, risk assessment models are needed to predict the location and severity of endocrine disruption in river catchments and to identify areas where regulation of sewage discharges to remove these contaminants is necessary. In this study we attempted to correlate the extent of endocrine disruption in roach in British rivers, with their predicted exposure to steroid estrogens derived from the human population. The predictions of steroid estrogen exposure at each river site were determined by combining the modeled concentrations of the individual steroid estrogens [17β -estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α -ethinylestradiol (EE2)] in each sewage effluent with their predicted dilution in the immediate receiving water. This model was applied to 45 sites on 39 rivers throughout the United Kingdom. Each site studied was then categorized as either high, medium, or low “risk” on the basis of the assumed additive potency of the three steroid estrogens calculated from data derived from published studies in various cyprinid fish species. We sampled 1,438 wild roach from the predicted high-, medium-, and low-risk river sites and examined them for evidence and severity of endocrine disruption. Both the incidence and the severity of intersex in wild roach were significantly correlated with the predicted concentrations of the natural estrogens (E1 and E2) and the synthetic contraceptive pill estrogen (EE2) present. Predicted steroid estrogen exposure was, however, less well correlated with the plasma vitellogenin concentration measured in the same fish. Moreover, we found no correlation between any of the end points measured in the roach and the proportion of industrial effluents entering the rivers we studied. Overall, our results provide further and substantive evidence to support the hypothesis that steroidal estrogens play a major role in causing intersex in wild freshwater fish in rivers in the United Kingdom and clearly show that the location and severity of these endocrine-disrupting effects can be predicted.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Aravindakshan, J;Paquet, V;Cyr, DG
通讯作者：
Cyr, DG
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Hassanin, A;Kuwahara, S;Sasaki, F
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Sasaki, F
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Jobling, S;Nolan, M;Sumpter, JP
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Sumpter, JP
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hecker, M;Tyler, CR;Karbe, L
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Karbe, L
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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Sumpter, JP