Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up - results from the HUNT study.
Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up - results from the HUNT study.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00125-022-05791-6
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Strandberg, Ragnhild B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henriksen, Roger E.;Nilsen, Roy M.;Strandberg, Ragnhild B.
2型糖尿病是全球死亡的主要原因之一，其发病率在过去二十年中急剧增加。最近的研究表明，孤独是2型糖尿病的一个可能的危险因素。这项为期20年的随访研究检查了孤独是否与2型糖尿病风险增加有关。由于孤独和2型糖尿病都与抑郁和睡眠问题有关，我们还调查了孤独和2型糖尿病之间的任何关联是否由抑郁和失眠症状介导。我们使用了来自Trøndelag健康研究（HUNT研究）的数据，这是一项基于挪威中部人群（n= 24，024）的大型纵向健康研究。分析了孤独感的自我报告（HUNT 2调查，1995-1997）和HbA 1c水平的数据（HUNT 4调查，2017-2019），以评估孤独感与2型糖尿病发病率之间的关系。相关性报告为OR，95%CI，经性别、年龄和教育调整。我们进一步研究了抑郁和失眠作为潜在中介因素的作用。在20年的随访期间，4.9%的研究参与者患上了2型糖尿病。12.6%的参与者报告了不同程度的孤独感。感到最孤独的人患2型糖尿病的风险是不感到孤独的人的两倍（调整后OR 2.19 [95%CI 1.16，4.15]）。孤独对2型糖尿病的影响是由失眠的一种亚型介导的，而不是由抑郁症状介导的。这项研究表明，孤独可能是增加2型糖尿病风险的一个因素;然而，没有强有力的支持孤独对2型糖尿病的影响是由抑郁或失眠介导的。我们建议孤独应该被纳入与2型糖尿病相关的咨询和干预的临床指南。
Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally and its incidence has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Recent research suggests that loneliness is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes. This 20 year follow-up study examined whether loneliness is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. As both loneliness and type 2 diabetes have been linked to depression and sleep problems, we also investigated whether any association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes is mediated by symptoms of depression and insomnia. We used data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT study), a large longitudinal health study based on a population from central Norway (n=24,024). Self-reports of loneliness (HUNT2 survey, 1995–1997) and data on HbA1c levels (HUNT4 survey, 2017–2019) were analysed to evaluate the associations between loneliness and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Associations were reported as ORs with 95% CIs, adjusted for sex, age and education. We further investigated the role of depression and insomnia as potential mediating factors. During the 20 year follow-up period, 4.9% of the study participants developed type 2 diabetes. Various degrees of feeling lonely were reported by 12.6% of the participants. Individuals who felt most lonely had a twofold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes relative to those who did not feel lonely (adjusted OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.16, 4.15]). The effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes was weakly mediated by one subtype of insomnia but not by symptoms of depression. This study suggests that loneliness may be one factor that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes; however, there is no strong support that the effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes is mediated by depression or insomnia. We recommend that loneliness should be included in clinical guidelines on consultations and interventions related to type 2 diabetes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0502433102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Erikson, R;Goldthorpe, JH;Cox, DR
通讯作者：
Cox, DR
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hempler, Nana Folmann;Ekholm, Ola;Willaing, Ingrid
通讯作者：
Willaing, Ingrid
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Hackett RA;Hudson JL;Chilcot J
通讯作者：
Chilcot J
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Cosgrove, Martin P.;Sargeant, Lincoln A.;Griffin, Simon J.
通讯作者：
Griffin, Simon J.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Coan, James A;Sbarra, David A
通讯作者：
Sbarra, David A